B: I used to live in Berlin.
B: ||ICH1
B: ich
B: ||WOHNUNG1B*
B: wohnen
B: ||FRÜHER1*
B: früher
B: berlin
B: ||BERLIN1A
B: ||$INDEX1
B: In an apartment building in the big city of Berlin.
B: HAUS1A
B: haus
B: ALLE2A^*
B: miete
B: DORT1*
B: großstadt
B: GROSS3C
B: STADT2*
B: There were 18-20 renting parties in the house; all the neighboring houses in our residential block were the same size.
B: ALLE2A^*
B: mieter
B: $INDEX1
B: [MG]
B: ||$GEST-OFF^
B: $NUM-TEEN6A:8d
B: achtzehn
B: $NUM-ZEHNER2A:2*
B: zwanzig
B: mieter
B: ALLE2A^*
B: AUSSEN2^*
B: ||WIEDER1A^*
B: auf
B: nachbarhäuser
B: ||NACHBAR2B*
B: HAUS1A*
B: SCHICHT1^
B: ||$INDEX1
B: When still a boy, I‘d to always play outside.
B: ||ICH1
B: ||$INDEX1
B: ||FRÜHER1*
B: früher
B: ||KLEIN3
B: klein
B: ||ICH1
B: ||DRAUSSEN1
B: drauß
B: SPIELEN1*
B: spielen
B: The hearing children always made fun of me.
B: ALLE1C*
B: alle
B: ||HÖREND1A*
B: hörend
B: KIND1
B: kind
B: VERSPOTTEN1*
B: verspotten
B: They pulled faces at me and provoked me.
B: $PROD*
B: [MG]
B: $GEST^
B: [MG]
B: VERSPOTTEN1*
B: [MG]
B: It always made me very, very angry.
B: WÜTEND2
B: [MG]
B: WÜTEND1A*
B: wut
B: ANGESTACHELT1
B: [MG]
B: One day, I picked up a stick and used it to really beat up one of the boys in the neighborhood.
B: ||$NUM-EINER1A:1
B: eins
B: TAG1A*
B: tages
B: ||ICH1
B: ich
B: $GEST-OFF^
B: STOCK1*
B: stock
B: $PROD*
B: [MG]
B: ||AUF-PERSON1*
B: auf
B: nachbarjunge
B: ||NACHBAR2B*
B: ||JUNGE4*
B: SCHLAGEN1*
B: verprügelt
B: The parents scolded me and called the police.
B: ||$INDEX1
B: eltern
B: ||ELTERN6
B: ||$INDEX1
B: ||NACHBAR2B*
B: nachbar
B: ||ELTERN6*
B: eltern
B: schimpf schimpf
B: EMPÖRT-SEIN1
B: SCHIMPFEN1*
B: $INDEX1
B: RUFEN1A
B: ruf
B: ||POLIZEI1A*
B: polizei
B: ||KOMMEN1^*
B: holen
B: A policeman wearing a uniform walked up to me.
B: POLIZEI1A*
B: polizei
B: LAUFEN1
B: [MG]
B: POLIZEI1A
B: polizist
B: KLEIDUNG1A^*
B: uniform
B: LAUFEN1
B: [MG]
B: KOMMEN3*
B: [MG]
B: He asked me why I had hit the boy.
B: ||$INDEX1
B: warum
B: ||WARUM2A*
B: $INDEX1
B: ||SCHLAGEN1
B: hauen
B: ||$INDEX1
B: I told him, “He made fun of me and pulled faces.”
B: VERSPOTTEN1*
B: verspotten
B: $GEST^
B: [MG]
B: ||$PROD*
B: [MG]
B: The policeman said, “Oh, alright.
B: ||POLIZEI1A*
B: polizei
B: ||$INDEX1
B: $GEST^
B: ach so
B: I shall leave it at that, then.”
B: ||LASSEN1*
B: [MG]
B: And then he just walked away.
B: $GEST-OFF^
B: [MG]
B: ||FORT1
B: [MG]
B: The parents stood there, transfixed.
B: $INDEX1
B: ELTERN6*
B: el{tern}
B: LAHM1
B: [MG]
B: $GEST-OFF^
C: But how did you grow up within your family? How did you communicate?
B: Using sign language.
B: GEBÄRDEN1G*
B: BEIDE1*
B: $GEST-OFF^
B: The other renters didn’t think highly of deaf people.
B: AUCH1B*
B: auch
B: mieter
B: ALLE2A^*
B: $INDEX1
B: TAUB-GEHÖRLOS1A*
B: [MG]
B: $INDEX1
B: $GEST^
B: [MG]
B: DISKRIMINIERUNG1
B: [MG]
B: $GEST-OFF^
C: Do you have any questions? What is that like? Did you have any negative or positive experiences that stick to your memory?
B: Well, I lost my temper with that, but many other children provoked me even after that. It went on forever.
B: ||ICH1
B: ||$GEST-OFF^*
B: so
B: VERSPOTTEN1*
B: [MG]
B: WÜTEND2*
B: [MG]
B: ABER1
B: aber
B: MEHR1
B: noch mehr
B: kinder
B: KIND1*
B: $INDEX1
B: OFT1A
B: oft
B: VERSPOTTEN1*
B: [MG]
B: ewig
B: EWIG1*
B: ||EWIG2
B: They made fun of me, pulled faces at me, until the war came.
B: ||KOMMEN3
B: ||$PROD*
B: VERSPOTTEN1
B: [MG]
B: ICH1
B: ÄRGERN-SICH2*
B: $GEST-ABWINKEN1^
B: ABLAUF1^
B: ||BIS1
B: bis
B: ||KOMMEN1
B: kommt
B: kriegszeit
B: KRIEG1A
B: ZEIT9
B: Well, the war began in ‘39.
B: neunzehnhundertneundreißig
B: $NUM-TEEN2A:9
B: $NUM-HUNDERTER1*
B: $NUM-EINER1A:9
B: $NUM-TEEN2A:3d*
B: kriegszeit
B: KRIEG1A*
B: ZEIT7C*
B: The year of ‘39 wasn’t particularly bad for me.
B: ICH1
B: neunzehnhundertneundreißig
B: $NUM-TEEN2A:9
B: $NUM-HUNDERTER1*
B: $NUM-EINER1A:9
B: $NUM-ZEHNER1:8d
B: WAR1*
B: war
B: NICHTS1A*
B: nichts
B: SCHLIMM3A
B: schlimme
B: There had just been the confrontation with Poland.
B: POLEN1B
B: polen
B: KONFRONTATION2
B: [MG]
B: The attack on Poland wasn’t too bad for us.
B: WAR1
B: war
B: KONFRONTATION1*
B: SCHLECHT1
B: schlimm
B: But in ‘41, that’s when the air raid alerts started.
B: SPÄTER10
B: einundvierzig
B: $NUM-EINER1A:1
B: $NUM-ZEHNER1:4
B: fliegeralarm
B: FLUGZEUG1*
B: ALARM1*
B: ANFANG1A
B: anfang
B: Officially, it began in November of ‘40, but actually it didn’t really start until 1941.
B: $NUM-TEEN2B:1d
B: elf
B: $NUM-ZEHNER2A:4
B: vierzig
B: $NUM-EINER1A:1
B: $NUM-ZEHNER2A:4
B: einundvierzig
B: MEHR1
B: mehr
B: ANFANG1A
B: anfang
B: We needed to figure out how to become aware of the alarm at night, as my whole family is deaf and we couldn’t hear anything.
B: ||$GEST-OFF^*
B: aber
B: ||WENN1*
B: wenn
B: ||NACHT2*
B: nachts
B: ALARM1
B: alarm
B: RUFEN1A
B: rufen
B: WIE-FRAGE-VERGLEICH1
B: wie
B: ||TAUB-GEHÖRLOS1A
B: [MG]
B: ||ALLE3
B: ganze
B: ||FAMILIE3*
B: familie
B: ||TAUB-GEHÖRLOS1A
B: ||HÖREND1A*
B: hören
B: NICHT1
B: nichts
B: How was that supposed to work, how?
B: WIE-FRAGE-VERGLEICH1*
B: wie
B: $ORAL^
B: wie
B: There were sirens on the roof.
B: sirene
B: ||OBEN1
B: ||DREHEN2B^*
B: ||GROSS3B^
B: ||$INDEX1*
B: auf
B: ||DACH1A
B: dach
B: $INDEX1*
B: ||DREHEN2B^*
B: sirene
B: ||$INDEX1
B: They were loud, but we couldn’t hear anything.
B: ||LAUT1A*
B: laut
B: ||ICH1^
B: aber
B: ||HÖREND1A*
B: hören
B: NICHT1
B: nichts
B: We were unsure what to do.
B: ICH2*
B: IN-DER-KLEMME-STECKEN1
B: [MG]
B: WIE-FRAGE-VERGLEICH1*
B: wie wie wie wie
B: My father had an idea.
B: ||$INDEX1*
B: ||ICH1
B: ||IDEE1
B: ||ICH2*
B: ||VATER1
B: vater
B: ||IDEE1*
B: Imagine this being the front door and this being the parents’ bed.
B: ||ICH2
B: wohnungstür
B: ||WOHNUNG1A
B: TÜR1A*
B: ||ICH1^*
B: meine
B: ||ELTERN6
B: eltern
B: BETT3*
B: bett
B: He tied a rope to the bedsprings.
B: BETT1A*
B: bett
B: $PROD*
B: ZUBINDEN1A^*
B: $PROD*
B: feder
B: $PROD*
B: BINDEN2*
B: binden
B: FEST1*
B: fest
B: The rope went through the kitchen and out the front door.
B: SEIL2*
B: ||$INDEX1*
B: küche
B: ||KÜCHE3A*
B: ||$INDEX1
B: DURCH2A*
B: [MG]
B: HAUS1A
B: haus
B: wohnungstür
B: WOHNUNG1A*
B: TÜR1A*
B: $INDEX1
B: If the air raid alert went off, our neighbors had to pull on the rope.
B: ||WENN1*
B: wenn
B: ALARM1
B: alarm
B: $INDEX1
B: NACHBAR2B
B: nachbar
B: muss
B: MUSS1A
B: ICH1
B: ZIEHEN3*
B: zie{hen} zie{hen}
B: The rope then pulled on the bed and my parents knew that the alarm had gone off.
B: BETT1A
B: bett
B: $PROD*
B: [MG]
B: BESCHEID1A*
B: [MG]
B: ALARM1*
B: alarm
B: We’re three siblings.
B: ||ICH1
B: ||MIT1A*
B: mit
B: ||$NUM-EINER1A:3d
B: drei
B: ||GESCHWISTER2A
B: geschwister
B: Us children were dressed. Well, I was the oldest; I could get dressed by myself.
B: kinder
B: ||KIND1*
B: ||WIR1A
B: ||ANSTRENGEND1*
B: [MG]
B: AUFWECKEN1*
B: ANZIEHEN-OBERKÖRPER1B*
B: anzieh anzieh
B: größte
B: ||ICH1*
B: ||GROSS5A
B: ||KANN1
B: kann
B: SELBST1A*
B: selbst
B: ANZIEHEN-OBERKÖRPER1B*
B: anzieh
B: My mom helped the other two to get dressed.
B: ||$INDEX1
B: ||MAMA10*
B: mama
B: ||HELFEN1
B: helf
B: ANZIEHEN-OBERKÖRPER1B*
B: anzieh
B: We were still tired and didn’t want to.
B: LIEGEN-BEIN1A^
B: [MG]
B: MÜDE5*
B: müde mü{de}
B: It took quite a while, but we still had enough time to get all of that done and run to the basement in time.
B: $PROD*
B: ||$GEST-OFF^*
B: LANG-ZEIT2*
B: [MG]
B: SPÄTER10*
B: UNTEN1
B: DANACH3
B: KELLER1*
B: keller
B: ||KLAPPT1
B: klappen
B: If the alarm had gone off, that meant the planes would be there in half an hour.
B: WENN1
B: wenn
B: ZEIT1
B: ANFANG1A
B: anfang
B: ||ALARM1
B: alarm
B: WISSEN2A^*
B: ||$GEST-OFF^*
B: beispiel
B: ||MELDUNG1
B: melden
B: ||ALARM1*
B: alarm
B: ||HALB6
B: halbe
B: ||STUNDE2B*
B: stunde
B: ||SPÄTER3*
B: später
B: ||FLUGZEUG1
B: flugzeug
B: schon da
B: DA1*
B: ||$INDEX1*
B: With every alarm, the time between the alarm and the planes arriving got shorter and shorter.
B: ABER1
B: aber
B: DANN1B*
B: dann dann dann dann
B: $INDEX1*
B: dann
B: ALARM1*
B: alarm
B: $INDEX1
B: DA1
B: da
B: ABER1*
B: aber
B: KURZ3A*
B: kürzer
B: At some point, we were completely taken by surprise by the airplanes, because they arrived only 20 minutes after the alarm had gone off.
B: ||BESCHEID1A*
B: ||ALARM1*
B: alarm
B: SCHON3*
B: zwanzig minute schon
B: ||$NUM-ZEHNER2A:2*
B: SCHON3*
B: DA1*
B: da
B: erschrocken
B: SCHRECK1*
B: $GEST-OFF^
B: Whenever our neighbors pulled on the rope, we still needed to get dressed. That took some time.
B: ||ICH1*
B: ||$INDEX1
B: und dann
B: ZIEHEN3
B: [MG]
B: $GEST-OFF^*
B: aber
B: ANZIEHEN-OBERKÖRPER1B
B: anzieh
B: LANG-ZEIT2
B: [MG]
B: The neighbors were hearing.
B: ||$INDEX1*
B: ||HÖREND1A
B: hörende
B: nachbarn
B: NACHBAR2A*
B: $INDEX1*
B: When the alarm went off, they first got dressed; once they were done, they came up to our door to pull on the rope.
B: ZUERST1B
B: zuerst
B: ALARM1
B: alarm
B: ANZIEHEN-OBERKÖRPER1B
B: anzie{hen}
B: FERTIG2*
B: fertig
B: AUSSEN1A^*
B: zuletzt
B: ICH1
B: ZIEHEN3
B: ICH2*
B: That’s why we always arrived to the bunker very late.
B: MASS-SAGITTAL2B^
B: spät spät
B: $INDEX1*
B: $GEST-OFF^
B: Sometimes it was difficult to make it to the bunker, so we’d go to the basement and wait there.
B: PROBLEM1*
B: problem
B: IN-DER-KLEMME-STECKEN1
B: [MG]
B: $GEST-ABWINKEN1^*
B: KELLER1*
B: keller
B: ||$GEST-OFF^*
B: BLEIBEN1*
B: That’s how it was.
B: $GEST^
B: To get to the bunker, we had to walk for approximately one minute, so if we had some time left, we went there.
B: schaff
B: SCHAFFEN1A
B: ZEIT1*
B: $INDEX1
B: [MG]
B: ||$NUM-EINER1A:5*
B: f{ünf}
B: ||$NUM-EINER1A:1*
B: eine
B: ||MINUTE2*
B: minute
B: $INDEX1
B: bunker
B: BUNKER1
B: UNTEN1^
B: $GEST-OFF^
B: It wasn’t a real bunker, just a regular one, but it was safe.
B: ||ORIGINAL2
B: original
B: BUNKER1
B: bunker
B: NEIN1A*
B: [MG]
B: normal
B: ||NORMAL1
B: $GEST-OFF^
B: bunker
B: BUNKER1*
B: $INDEX1
B: sicher
B: ||SICHER2*
B: ||$INDEX1
B: The basement wasn’t safe, really.
B: HIER1*
B: [MG]
B: ||ZWEIFEL1*
B: ||$GEST-OFF^
B: We were pretty versed in how the whole process went.
B: ABLAUF1A
B: [MG]
B: One night, there was another air raid alert.
B: $NUM-EINER1A:1*
B: auf
B: $NUM-MAL1:1*
B: auf einmal
B: ||ICH1*
B: ||$GEST-OFF^
B: WOHER1^*
B: ALARM1
B: alarm
B: $INDEX1*
B: NACHT2*
B: nachts
B: ALARM1
B: alarm
B: $INDEX1*
B: Our neighbors pulled on the rope and while they did, it tore apart.
B: ZIEHEN3
B: zieh
B: FADEN1*
B: RISS1A^*
B: [MG]
B: We didn’t notice anything and slept until the next morning.
B: WIR1A*
B: LIEGEN-BEIN1A^
B: schlafen
B: SÜSS4
B: süß
B: morgen früh
B: MORGEN-FRÜH1*
B: FRÜH2*
B: I thought it was really nice to finally get a good night’s sleep.
B: WOHL1*
B: [MG]
B: ||ENDLICH2A
B: endlich
B: RICHTIG1A*
B: richtig
B: ||SCHLAFEN1A*
B: schlafen
B: Our neighbors came and said, “Oh God, we couldn’t tell you what was going on, because the rope tore and the door was closed.”
B: ||NACHBAR2B*
B: nachbar
B: ||$INDEX1
B: ||MEIN-GOTT1
B: oh mein {gott}
B: BESCHEID1A*
B: [MG]
B: SEIL1*
B: kaputt
B: $GEST-OFF^
B: BESCHEID1A*
B: KANN1*
B: kann nicht
B: ZU1A
B: zu
B: $GEST-OFF^
B: They were overjoyed that no bomb had exploded in our house.
B: $INDEX1
B: ALARM1*
B: alarm
B: $GEST^
B: mein gott
B: ÜBER1*
B: über
B: MÜHE1^
B: ??
B: GLÜCK1
B: glück
B: NICHT1
B: nichts
B: $PROD*
B: [MG]
B: NICHT1
B: ni{cht}
B: LEER1
B: [MG]
B: $GEST-OFF^
B: Those were some problems for us deaf people.
B: $GEST-OFF^
B: so
B: TAUB-GEHÖRLOS1A*
B: problem
B: PROBLEM5
B: $GEST-OFF^
A: Are you done?
A: FERTIG1A*
A: Speaking of alarms, I remember our foster mother.
A: ICH1*
A: ich
A: $INDEX1
A: ALARM1*
A: alarm
A: ICH1
A: ich
A: BEI1A*
A: bei
A: pflegemutter
A: MUTTER1*
A: PFLEGE1*
A: ICH1
A: BEKANNT2^*
A: $INDEX1
A: Where I’m from, we had no issues with air raid alerts.
A: ALARM1*
A: also
A: MEIN1
A: mein
A: heimat
A: HEIMAT2*
A: $INDEX1
A: ||DORF3*
A: dorf
A: $PROD*
A: [MG]
A: kein problem
A: PROBLEM2A*
A: $INDEX1
A: dorf
A: DORF3
A: LASSEN1^*
A: Whenever an alarm went off while I was in Halle (Saale), my foster mother would wake me up.
A: ICH1
A: ich
A: STADT2*
A: stadt
A: halle saale
A: HALLE-STADT1*
A: $INDEX1
A: ALARM1*
A: alarm
A: MUTTER5
A: pflegemutter
A: IMMER2*
A: immer
A: AUFWECKEN1*
A: [MG]
A: AUFWECKEN2*
A: [MG]
A: I didn’t really sleep tightly anyway.
A: $ORAL^
A: auch nicht
A: FEST1*
A: fest
A: SCHLAFEN1A*
A: schlafen
A: $GEST-NM^
A: I was woken up as the alarm continued going, then everyone rushed to the basement together.
A: AUFWECKEN2*
A: [MG]
A: ALARM1*
A: alarm
A: $PROD*
A: KELLER1*
A: keller
A: She helped me.
A: $INDEX1
A: HELFEN1*
A: helfen
A: That was lucky. My sister, who lived with a different foster mother, was also always woken up to go the basement.
A: GLÜCK1
A: glück
A: ANDERS2^*
A: ab{er}
A: ICH2
A: mein
A: SCHWESTER1B*
A: schwester
A: AUSSEN2^
A: ander
A: MUTTER1*
A: pflegemutter
A: AUCH3A
A: auch
A: AUFWECKEN2
A: aufweck
A: KELLER1*
A: [MG]
A: $GEST-OFF^
A: In Berlin, that’s of course an issue.
A: $INDEX1
A: [MG]
A: BERLIN1A
A: berlin
A: $INDEX1
A: problem
A: PROBLEM2A
A: $INDEX1
A: True, if the whole family is deaf, that’s a problem.
A: $INDEX1
A: FAMILIE3
A: familie
A: TAUB-GEHÖRLOS1A*
A: gehörlos
A: $INDEX1
A: problem
A: PROBLEM2A
A: $INDEX1
B: It got especially bad in 1945; there were some nights where the alarm went off twice.
A: STIMMT1A*
A: stimmt
B: $ORAL^
B: und
B: DANN9
B: dann
B: JAHR3A
B: jahr
B: SPÄTER10*
B: fünfundvierzig
B: $NUM-EINER1A:5
B: $NUM-ZEHNER1:4
B: SCHLIMM1*
B: schlimmer
B: NACHT2*
B: nacht
B: AUFZÄHLEN1C*
B: zweimal
B: ALARM1*
B: alarm
B: $GEST-OFF^
B: If there were two alarms in one night, there was no school the next day.
B: $NUM-EINER1A:2
B: zweimal
B: ALARM1*
B: alarm
B: SCHULE1C*
B: schule
B: ausgefallen
B: AUSFALLEN1*
B: $GEST-OFF^
B: One was completely out of it anyway, very tired, so that’s why one couldn’t go.
B: MÜDE5*
B: müde
B: EINSCHLAFEN1
B: [MG]
B: KANN1*
B: [MG]
B: If one was awake for an hour at night, school was manageable, but after three or four hours, we didn’t have to go anymore.
B: AUCH1A
B: auch
B: STUNDE2B*
B: eine stunde
B: ||SCHULE1C*
B: schule
B: ||DORTHIN-GEHEN1*
B: $NUM-EINER1A:3d
B: drei
B: STUNDE2B*
B: vier stunden
B: $GEST-NM-KOPFSCHÜTTELN1^
B: SCHULE3*
B: schule
B: GEHEN2A*
B: gehen
B: BRAUCHEN1*
B: braucht
B: NICHT1
B: nicht
B: Because of the tiredness.
B: müde
B: MÜDE5*
B: $GEST-OFF^
B: Later, as time passed, the Americans came.
B: ABLAUF1^
B: später
B: ||ZUKUNFT1A^*
B: dann
B: amerikaner
B: ||KOMMEN1*
B: ||AMERIKA4*
B: They also carried out air raids, but only during the day.
B: FLUGZEUG1*
B: [MG]
B: AUCH1A*
B: auch
B: ANGREIFEN1
B: angriff
B: ||NUR2A*
B: nur
B: TAG2*
B: tag
B: That’s how they did it. The English came at night.
B: GEHÖREN1^*
B: ||ENGLAND4
B: engländer
B: NACHT2*
B: nacht
B: GEHÖREN1^*
B: That’s how it was.
B: ABLAUF1^
B: ||SO1*
B: so
B: ||$GEST-OFF^*
B: That’s how they preferred it.
B: ||BELIEBT1*
B: beliebt
B: ||SEIN-IHR1*
B: $GEST-OFF^*
B: [MG]
B: That’s how it was.
B: $INDEX1
B: ??
B: Of course, the alarms during the day I experienced at school, during the lessons.
B: ||ICH1
B: ||ALARM1*
B: alarm
B: TAG1A*
B: tag
B: ||ALARM1*
B: alarm
B: ||ICH1
B: ||SCHULE3*
B: schule
B: ||ZEIT7C*
B: zeit
B: UNTERRICHTEN1
B: unterricht
B: STUNDE2A*
B: stunde
B: AUCH1A*
B: Usually, it happened during midday, between twelve and one o’clock.
B: OFT1B^*
B: ABLAUF2^
B: [MG]
B: ||MITTAG9
B: mittag
B: ||ZWISCHEN1B*
B: ||$NUM-TIPPEN1:2*
B: ||$NUM-TIPPEN1^
B: zwölf
B: ein uhr
B: ||$NUM-EINER1A:1
B: ZWISCHEN1B*
B: That’s when the alarm went off.
B: ALARM1*
B: alarm
B: My teacher disliked going into the bunker when the alarm was going.
B: ||ICH1*
B: lehrer
B: LEHRER2
B: ||$INDEX1
B: ALARM1*
B: alarm
B: BUNKER1
B: bunker
B: DORT1
B: ||MÖGEN4
B: nicht gern
B: There was a huge bunker with various floors directly next to the school.
B: DANACH1A^*
B: [MG]
B: GROSS3C
B: groß
B: BUNKER1*
B: bunker
B: ETAGE1*
B: [MG]
B: ROHR2A^*
B: bunker
B: I didn’t like going inside that, either.
B: $INDEX1
B: [MG]
B: ||MÖGEN4*
B: mag
B: ||ICH1*
B: That’s because next to the school, there was also a big administration building that was also part of the school.
B: $INDEX1
B: ||SCHULE3*
B: schule
B: SCHMAL1A^
B: schule
B: ||NEBEN1A*
B: VERWALTUNG2A
B: verwaltung
B: SCHMAL1A^
B: schule
B: für schule
B: FÜR1*
B: SCHULE1C*
B: That building had a basement.
B: IN1
B: in
B: keller
B: KELLER1*
B: $GEST-OFF^
B: When the alarm went off, we often fled in there.
B: ALARM1*
B: alarm
B: $PROD*
B: oft oft
B: ABLAUF1^
B: [MG]
B: ||HIN-UND-HER1*
B: immer immmer
B: Often, the attacks were only in the area, our school was never hit.
B: MANGEL1^
B: war
B: ANGREIFEN1
B: angriff
B: da da aber nicht
B: ||$INDEX1
B: $GEST-NM-KOPFSCHÜTTELN1^
B: $INDEX1||RUND4A^*
B: NICHT5*
B: nicht
B: That’s how it was until 1945.
B: ABLAUF1^
B: [MG]
B: ||BIS1*
B: bis
B: neunzehnhundertfünfundvierzig
B: $NUM-TEEN2A:9d*
B: $NUM-HUNDERTER1
B: ||$NUM-EINER1A:5
B: ||$NUM-ZEHNER1:4
B: It must’ve been in February or March.
B: ||FEBRUAR15
B: februar
B: ||MÄRZ6*
B: märz
B: ||ZWISCHEN1B*
B: [MG]
B: My teacher had a weird feeling.
B: LEHRER2*
B: lehrer
B: GEFÜHL3*
B: gefühl
B: He said, “We will now go to the bunker for the first time.”
B: ||BESCHEID1A*
B: [MG]
B: ||ALLE1B
B: ||ERSTES-MAL3C
B: erstemal
B: bunker
B: BUNKER1
B: $INDEX1
B: I didn’t like going to the bunker.
B: bunker
B: BUNKER1
B: $INDEX1
B: nicht gerne
B: GERN1*
B: $INDEX1
B: ICH1
B: That’s because I’d had to go into a bunker elsewhere before.
B: WENN1
B: wenn
B: bunker
B: BUNKER1*
B: $INDEX1
B: SITZEN1A*
B: sitz
B: ||GEWESEN1
B: gewesen
B: ||ICH1*
B: ||DORTHIN-GEHEN1^
B: woanders
B: BUNKER1
B: bunker
B: While the bombs were falling, everyone was praying there.
B: $INDEX1
B: BETEN1A*
B: ALARM1
B: al{arm}
B: BOMBE2
B: bombe
B: BETEN1A*
B: beten [MG]
B: I thought that it was annoying.
B: ||ICH1*
B: [MG]
B: ||SEHEN-AUF2
B: [MG]
B: ||$GEST-ABWINKEN1^*
B: [MG]
B: ||LÄSTIG1
B: [MG]
B: I wasn’t scared.
B: ||ICH1
B: ich
B: ||SELBST1A
B: selbst
B: ||ANGST1
B: angst
B: $GEST-OFF^
B: [MG]
B: I was scared in the beginning, but one gets used to it after a while.
B: ANFANG1A
B: anfang
B: ANGST1
B: angst
B: SPÄTER1*
B: später
B: GEWOHNHEIT2*
B: gewohn{t}
B: I wasn’t afraid anymore.
B: ANGST1
B: angst
B: ICH1
B: [MG]
B: NICHT1
B: I was tired and therefore hoped the alarm would be over soon so I could go back to bed.
B: MÜDE5
B: müde
B: ICH2*
B: ANSTRENGEND2
B: [MG]
B: ICH1
B: ||WOLLEN3
B: will
B: SCHNELL2*
B: schnell
B: ||ALARM1*
B: alarm
B: schluss
B: SCHLUSS1
B: ||ICH2
B: ||BETT1B*
B: bett
B: $GEST-OFF^
B: It was a school day.
B: $GEST-ABWINKEN1^
B: TAG1B*
B: tag
B: schulzeit
B: ||SCHULE3
B: ||ZEIT7C*
B: ||$GEST-OFF^*
B: AB2^
B: und dann
B: In any case, that day was in the year 1943, no, ‘45. Around March.
B: DANN1A
B: neunzehnhundertdrei v{ier}
B: $NUM-TEEN2A:9d*
B: $NUM-HUNDERTER1*
B: $NUM-EINER1A:3d
B: $NUM-ZEHNER1:4d*
B: $NUM-EINER1A:4
B: fünf
B: fünfundvierzig
B: $NUM-EINER1A:5
B: $NUM-ZEHNER1:4
B: märz
B: MASS-VERTIKAL1^
B: ZWISCHEN1B*
B: $GEST-OFF^
B: On that day, once again, we all had to go into the bunker.
B: BUNKER1*
B: JETZT1*
B: jetzt
B: ||ENDLICH2A
B: endlich
B: bunker
B: BUNKER1
B: ||DORTHIN-GEHEN1*
B: So, we all went into the bunker and on that day exactly, there was a huge attack.
B: ICH1
B: ALLE2A*
B: alle
B: SICH-MIT-ETWAS-ABFINDEN3A*
B: [MG]
B: BUNKER1
B: bunk{er}
B: DA1
B: da
B: WIRKLICH2
B: SCHWER1A*
B: schwer
B: ANGREIFEN1
B: angriff
B: Half the school building was bombed out.
B: schule
B: SCHULE3*
B: KATASTROPHE1*
B: SCHMAL1A^
B: HALB3*
B: GEWALT3^*
B: ausgebombt
B: One bomb also hit the administration building.
B: VERWALTUNG2A
B: verwaltung
B: ||GEWALT3^*
B: ausgebombt
B: If we had gone inside that building into the basement on that day, all of us would definitely have died.
B: WIR1A
B: wir
B: NOCH4B
B: noch
B: DORT1
B: VERWALTUNG2A
B: verwaltung
B: SCHULE1C*
B: schule
B: BUNKER1*
B: b{unker}
B: ||KELLER1*
B: keller
B: scho{n}
B: SCHON1A*
B: $INDEX1*
B: TOD1
B: tod
B: Luckily, we were in the bunker.
B: GLÜCK1*
B: glück
B: bunker
B: BUNKER1
B: $INDEX1
B: The teacher really had good instincts to go to the bunker to be safe.
B: $INDEX1*
B: LEHRER1
B: lehrer
B: GUT1
B: gut
B: RIECHEN4
B: riecher
B: SICHER2
B: sicher
B: bunker
B: BUNKER1*
B: $INDEX1
B: WIR1A*
B: $GEST-OFF^
B: The whole city center was destroyed.
B: ICH1
B: zentrum
B: ORT1B^*
B: ÜBERALL1*
B: ZERSTÖREN1
B: [MG]
A: We had to go to the basement whenever the alarm went off, but it wasn‘t a bunker.
A: $INDEX1
A: ICH1*
A: KELLER1*
A: keller
A: $INDEX1
A: WENN1
A: wenn
A: $INDEX1
A: bomb
A: KELLER1*
A: keller
A: $INDEX1*
A: $ORAL^
A: kein
A: bunker
A: FEST1B^*
A: $INDEX1
A: The basement was stabilized using wood.
A: PAPIER1^
A: holz
A: PFAHL1*
A: $PROD*
A: stabil
A: The wall had been broken through before with a hammer and then bricked up again using thin bricks.
A: $INDEX1*
A: mauer
A: STRICH2^*
A: SAUBER-MACHEN3A^*
A: MASS-VERTIKAL1^*
A: HAMMER2*
A: hammer
A: VORHER3
A: vor
A: HAMMER2*
A: hammer
A: SAUBER-MACHEN3A^*
A: mauer
A: HART1F^
A: hart
A: dünn
A: VIERECK2^
A: VIERECK3B^*
A: VIERECK2^*
A: ziegelstein
A: $PROD*
A: The wall breakthrough also went through other houses; it went through the ones in front, through ours, and the ones behind our house. The holes went through all of the neighboring houses’ basements, through all the walls.
A: ||EINGANG2B
A: eingang
A: HAUS1A*
A: haus
A: AUCH1A*
A: auch
A: LOCH2A*
A: loch loch
A: ICH1^
A: [MG]
A: $INDEX1
A: LOCH2A*
A: loch loch loch
A: VORBEREITUNG4*
A: vorbereit
A: MAUER3*
A: mauer
A: VORBEREITUNG4*
A: vorbereit
A: If a bomb hit, those bricked up holes could be smashed open easily, and one could flee through the other basements if one’s house had collapsed.
A: $ORAL^
A: wenn
A: ALARM1*
A: alarm
A: BOMBE2*
A: bombe
A: $PROD*
A: MAUERFALL1
A: auf
A: SPRINGEN2*
A: reinspringen reinspringen
A: ||$INDEX1*
A: One could leave through them. However, if one had to take one’s own house entry, well/
A: $INDEX1
A: aber
A: AUFSTEIGEN1^
A: ausgang
A: $GEST-OFF^*
A: [MG]
A: If one tried to leave through one’s own house entry, that didn’t work. People suffocated and died.
A: $INDEX1
A: ausgang
A: KANN1*
A: $INDEX1
A: $GEST-OFF^
A: ERSTICKEN1A*
A: TOD2
A: tod
A: Yes, there were deaths, too. The exits were bombed to pieces.
A: AUCH1A
A: auch
A: TOD2*
A: tod tod
A: AUSGANG4B*
A: ausgang
A: zerfallen
A: $PROD*
A: $GEST-OFF^*
A: The breakthroughs in the basements were really useful.
A: LOCH1A^*
A: keller
A: LOHNEN1
A: lohnt sich
A: NICHT1*
A: The cement bunkers were safe, too. Yes, that’s how it was.
A: FEST1B^*
A: bunker
A: FEST1B^*
A: $INDEX1
A: $ORAL^
A: auch
A: SICHER2
A: sicher
A: bunker
A: FEST1B^*
A: BUNKER1
A: $GEST-OFF^
B: High explosive bombs were used for this kind of attacks. The houses were ruins after.
B: ABER1
B: aber
B: DIESE2*
B: diese
B: $PROD*
B: b{ombe}
B: BOMBE2*
B: bombe
B: ES-GIBT3
B: gibt
B: sprengbombe
B: SPRENGUNG1
B: ÜBERFALL1^*
B: $PROD*
B: ruine
B: If a house was hit, everyone had to immediately leave the basement.
B: LASSEN2D*
B: [MG]
B: MUSS1A*
B: muss
B: HOLEN1B^*
B: raus raus
B: One couldn’t stay there. Everyone had to leave.
B: LASSEN2D*
B: [MG]
B: NICHT3B
B: [MG]
B: HOLEN1B^
B: raus raus raus
B: Everyone had to leave until the basement was empty.
B: PERSON1^*
B: leiche
B: $GEST-OFF^
B: egal
B: HOLEN1B^*
B: [MG]
B: $GEST-OFF^
B: LEER1
B: [MG]
B: LASSEN1*
B: [MG]
B: Sometimes, houses collapsed from the bombs and people choked on the dust.
B: ES-GIBT3*
B: gibt
B: $LIST1:2of2d
B: BOMBE2*
B: bombe
B: SPRENGUNG1
B: [MG]
B: ZUSAMMENBRUCH1A*
B: [MG]
B: STAUB1B*
B: staub
B: $GEST-OFF^
B: $PROD*
B: [MG]
B: ||$INDEX1
B: ||ERSTICKEN1A
B: erstickt
B: $GEST-OFF^
B: The dust was so thick. Tearing down a house also results in a lot of dust, and it was just like that.
B: STAUB1A*
B: st{aub}
B: $PROD*
B: [MG]
B: WIE7A
B: wie
B: ABREISSEN4
B: abriss
B: SEHEN1*
B: se{hen}
B: ABREISSEN4
B: [MG]
B: STAUB1B
B: [MG]
B: The ceilings of the basements collapsed, the people inside choked on the dust and were all dead.
B: KELLER1*
B: keller
B: HAUS1A^
B: KAPUTT4*
B: kaputt
B: ||$PROD*
B: $INDEX2
B: ||ALLE1B
B: ||TOD1
B: tod
B: $GEST-OFF^
B: LASSEN1*
B: ||ERSTICKEN1A
B: erstickt
B: $GEST-OFF^
B: There were also so called long-term detonator bombs that were thrown.
B: UND2A
B: und
B: ES-GIBT3*
B: gibt
B: $INDEX1
B: BOMBE2*
B: bombe
B: BOMBE1*
B: bombe
B: $PROD*
B: [MG]
B: ||$INDEX1*
B: $INDEX1
B: langzeitzünderbombe
B: LANG-ZEIT4A
B: ZEIT7C*
B: ZÜNDEN1A
B: WERFEN1^
B: $INDEX1
B: If they hit something, they did explode but hadn’t detonated fully just yet.
B: UNTEN1^
B: [MG]
B: EXPLOSION1
B: [MG]
B: ENDE1^
B: noch nicht
B: ZUSAMMEN3A^*
B: herunter
B: As the rescue forces came and tried to save as many of the wounded as possible, the bomb exploded again and they died.
B: $INDEX1
B: KOMMA1^
B: durch
B: RETTUNG1
B: rettungsdienst
B: GRABEN8*
B: [MG]
B: $INDEX1*
B: [MG]
B: NOCHMAL2A
B: noch mal
B: EXPLOSION1
B: [MG]
B: ALLE1B*
B: alle
B: TOD1*
B: tod tod
B: $GEST-OFF^
B: Let’s leave that be.
B: LASSEN1^*
B: und
B: ZUR-SEITE-SCHIEBEN2^*
B: And, yes, at first there were mostly the firebombs, as well as the explosive bombs, but let’s leave those to the side for now, too.
B: $LIST1:1of1d
B: und dann
B: $GEST-OFF^*
B: ZUERST1B*
B: zuerst
B: brandbombe
B: BRAND1
B: WERFEN1^*
B: ||$GEST-OFF^*
B: sprengbombe
B: SPRENGUNG1
B: ZUR-SEITE-SCHIEBEN2^*
B: In the beginning, the firebombs were long and relatively light in weight.
B: brandbombe
B: BRAND1
B: WERFEN1^*
B: RUND-LANG1A^*
B: $PROD*
B: anfang
B: RUND-LANG1A^*
B: $INDEX1
B: [MG]
B: LEICHT1*
B: leicht
B: $INDEX1
B: On the planes, they had cartons in which the bombs were stacked next to one another.
B: OBEN1*
B: FLUGZEUG1*
B: flieger
B: $INDEX1*
B: FLUGZEUG1
B: flugzeug
B: KARTON1*
B: KARTON1
B: karton
B: $PROD*
B: WERFEN1^*
B: bombe
B: $PROD*
B: The lower third of the bomb was heavier and the upper two thirds were made from aluminum.
B: $PROD*
B: bombe
B: WERFEN1^*
B: ||RUND-LANG1A^*
B: $PROD*
B: SCHWER1C*
B: schwer
B: $PROD*
B: [MG]
B: RUND-LANG1A^*
B: ALU2
B: alu
B: At the top, there was a hole in the aluminum.
B: RUND-LANG1A^*
B: [MG]
B: LOCH1A
B: loch
B: $INDEX1
B: If the bomb then fell on the ground/ onto the roof/
B: ||$INDEX1*
B: [MG]
B: DORT1*
B: dort
B: ||$INDEX1*
B: [MG]
B: WENN1*
B: wenn
B: BODEN1
B: boden
B: MASS2B^
B: dach
B: DACH1A
B: $INDEX1*
B: $GEST^
B: Well, the firebomb was pretty light and could only fall through the roof and no further than into the fourth floor.
B: brandbombe
B: WERFEN1^
B: MASS2B^
B: LEICHT1
B: leicht
B: DACH1A
B: dach
B: UNTEN1^
B: bis
B: $NUM-EINER1A:4
B: vierte
B: STOCKWERK3*
B: stock
B: In Berlin, the houses have four levels, you know, so it started to burn from the bottom up.
B: ||BERLIN1B
B: berlin
B: STOCKWERK3*
B: vier stock
B: WACHSEN2A^
B: vier
B: UNTEN1^
B: $GEST-NM-KOPFNICKEN1^
B: BRAND1*
B: [MG]
B: The fire brigade came and had to see to the fires being extinguished quickly.
B: DANN6
B: [MG]
B: feuerwehr
B: FEUERWEHR1*
B: SCHUTZ2A^*
B: DIENST4^
B: MUSS1A*
B: muss
B: AUFPASSEN1A*
B: aufpassen
B: ||$INDEX1
B: FEUER1A*
B: feuer
B: $PROD*
B: [MG]
B: SCHNELL3A
B: sofort
B: ||$GEST-OFF^*
B: They had to be careful, because many houses were of course made of wood and otherwise would burn down completely.
B: NICHT3B
B: nicht
B: ||SEHEN1^
B: aufpassen
B: ||$INDEX1
B: HAUS1A*
B: haus
B: ||VIEL1A
B: viel
B: ||HOLZ1
B: holz
B: ||LEER3^
B: [MG]
B: ||$GEST-OFF^*
B: That wasn’t too bad in itself, but after a while, the phosphorus bomb was invented.
B: $INDEX1
B: aber
B: ||SCHLIMM3A*
B: nicht schlimm
B: ||NACH3A*
B: dann dann
B: ||ERFINDEN1
B: [MG]
B: phosphorbombe
B: $GEST-SILBE1^
B: WERFEN1^
B: That meant that there was a fluid inside the bomb.
B: $INDEX1
B: [MG]
B: ||HEISSEN1B*
B: heißt
B: DIESE2
B: diese
B: WERFEN1^*
B: bombe
B: $PROD*
B: FLÜSSIG1A
B: flüssigkeit
B: $INDEX1*
B: It was kept inside of it.
B: FLÜSSIG1A
B: $INDEX1*
B: $PROD*
B: war
B: SCHLIESSEN2C*
B: geschlossen
B: GRUPPE1A^*
B: KUGEL1B^*
B: Those bombs were a lot heavier and came in different sizes.
B: FLUGZEUG1*
B: flugbombe
B: $INDEX1
B: BOMBE2*
B: SCHWER1C*
B: schwer
B: GROSS11^
B: [MG]
B: KLEIN3^*
B: [MG]
B: RUND-LANG4^*
B: [MG]
B: HOCH7*
B: größe
B: VERSCHIEDEN1*
B: verschieden
B: The biggest one could hit a house and go through the roof and all the levels, all the way down to the ground floor.
B: GROSS5B
B: groß
B: ||OBEN1
B: DACH1A
B: dach
B: UNTEN1*
B: [MG]
B: BIS1*
B: bis
B: erdgeschoss
B: UNTEN2^
B: ERDGESCHOSS1
B: $INDEX1
B: [MG]
B: Only the stone, the concrete, would stop it.
B: FLACH1^
B: beton
B: $INDEX1
B: [MG]
B: STEIN10A
B: stein
B: FLACH1^
B: [MG]
B: UNTEN1
B: unten
B: FLACH1^
B: [MG]
B: The bomb then exploded on the ground floor and the fluid escaped.
B: $INDEX1*
B: EXPLOSION1
B: [MG]
B: AUFPLATZEN2*
B: platzen
B: The fluid set fire to the entire building.
B: FEUER1A*
B: feuer
B: HOCH7
B: [MG]
B: Those sitting in the basement were locked in.
B: $INDEX1*
B: KELLER1*
B: keller
B: GEFÄNGNIS1^
B: [MG]
B: They couldn’t get out anymore.
B: AUSSEN2^*
B: [MG]
B: KANN1*
B: [MG]
B: Even the neighboring houses were burning and everyone died.
B: ||$INDEX1
B: [MG]
B: feuer
B: FEUER1A*
B: ||$INDEX1
B: auch auch auch auch
B: ||ALLE2C*
B: [MG]
B: $GEST-OFF^*
B: TOD4
B: tod
B: $GEST-OFF^
B: [MG]
B: The people just, how can I say this, were locked in like in an oven and burned to death.
B: verbrannt
B: MENSCH1*
B: FEUER1B^
B: WIE7B*
B: wie
B: BACKEN2*
B: [MG]
B: ||ICH1
B: was soll
B: ich sagen
B: ||SAGEN1
B: ICH1
B: mensch
B: MENSCH1
B: MASS2B
B: KNETEN1B^*
B: [MG]
B: PRESSEN20*
B: heiß
B: WIE7A*
B: wie
B: BACKOFEN1A*
B: backofen
B: The bodies had shriveled up by the time the fire burned down.
B: KÖRPER1*
B: körper
B: KLEIN11
B: [MG]
B: $GEST-OFF^
B: [MG]
B: FERTIG1A*
B: [MG]
B: AUS-ZU1*
B: aus
B: The bodies were in the basement.
B: KELLER1*
B: keller
B: LASSEN2D
B: [MG]
B: $GEST-OFF^
B: They all had to be taken out; one couldn’t just leave them there.
B: GRABEN8^*
B: raus
B: LASSEN2A
B: [MG]
B: NICHT3B
B: [MG]
B: HOLEN1A*
B: raus
B: They took out the bodies and put them in a tub.
B: LEICHE2*
B: leiche
B: HOLEN1A*
B: [MG]
B: RUND3A^
B: wanne
B: WERFEN1*
B: [MG]
B: $GEST-OFF^
B: [MG]
B: One couldn’t make out any faces anymore.
B: PERSON1*
B: per{son}
B: GESICHT1*
B: $GEST-OFF^
B: egal
B: LASSEN1*
B: [MG]
B: They had to be brought to the cemetery.
B: FRIEDHOF1*
B: friedhof
B: LASSEN1*
B: [MG]
A: It’s like with the Frauenkirche in Dresden.
A: $INDEX1
A: WIE3A*
A: w{ie} wie
A: $INDEX1
A: DRESDEN2*
A: dresden
A: frauenkirche
A: FRAU1A*
A: KIRCHE2A*
A: It was also hit by a firebomb and then the church was on fire, the Dresden Frauenkirche.
A: QUELLE-STRAHLEN1^*
A: glüh
A: glühbombe
A: QUELLE-STRAHLEN1^*
A: WERFEN1^
A: $PROD*
A: [MG]
A: FEUER1A*
A: flamm flamme
A: dresden
A: DRESDEN2*
A: $INDEX1
A: FRAU1A*
A: frauen{kirche}
A: $INDEX1
A: FEUER1A*
A: flamme
A: A firebomb hit it and everything started burning until the church collapsed on itself.
A: $INDEX1*
A: WIEDER1A^
A: $PROD*
A: glühbombe
A: QUELLE-STRAHLEN1^*
A: BOMBE2*
A: FEUER1A
A: feuer feuer
A: KIRCHE1
A: kirche
A: ZUSAMMENBRUCH1A*
A: [MG]
A: KIRCHE2A*
A: kirche
A: frauenkirche
A: FRAU1A*
B: No, that’s not entirely true.
A: KIRCHE2A*
B: ||$INDEX1
A: ZUSAMMENBRUCH1A*
A: [MG]
B: ||STIMMT1A
B: [MG]
B: ||UNGEFÄHR1
B: [MG]
B: ||RICHTIG1A*
B: richtig
B: A deaf person told me that the Frauenkirche hadn’t been hit by a bomb, but that there had been a huge fire surrounding it.
B: ||$INDEX1*
B: ||TAUB-GEHÖRLOS1A
B: ||$INDEX1
B: ||BESCHEID1A*
B: $INDEX1
B: KIRCHE1*
B: kirche
B: BOMBE2*
B: bombe
B: NICHT3B*
B: [MG]
B: GUT1*
B: gut
B: $ORAL^
B: aber
B: $INDEX1
B: [MG]
B: FEUER1A*
B: feuer feuer feuer
B: Because of the heat the door broke, and the heat got into the church and rose up.
B: ||HEISS2
B: heiß
B: tür
B: TÜR1A*
B: AUF-OFFEN1
B: KAPUTT3*
B: kaputt
B: $PROD*
B: HEISS2
B: heiß
B: HOCH7*
B: That deaf person lived on a higher level and could see it from his balcony.
B: TAUB-GEHÖRLOS1A*
B: [MG]
B: ||OBEN1
B: oben
B: ||WOHNUNG1A*
B: wohnen
B: ||$INDEX1
B: ||SCHAUEN3*
B: [MG]
B: He looked at the dome and saw that it was glowing red from the heat, then the dome burst and the church‘s dome collapsed.
B: BOGEN3A^
B: kuppel
B: rot
B: ROT1A
B: BOGEN3A^
B: HOCH7*
B: hoch
B: HEISS2*
B: heiß
B: PLATZEN1
B: platzen
B: ZUSAMMENBRUCH1A*
B: [MG]