@proceedings{lrec:sign-lang:04, editor = {Streiter, Oliver and Vettori, Chiara}, title = {Proceedings of the {LREC2004} Workshop on the Representation and Processing of Sign Languages: From {SignWriting} to Image Processing. Information techniques and their implications for teaching, documentation and communication}, maintitle = {4th International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC} 2004)}, publisher = {{European Language Resources Association (ELRA)}}, address = {Lisbon, Portugal}, day = {30}, month = may, year = {2004}, url = {http://www.lrec-conf.org/proceedings/lrec2004/ws/ws18.pdf} } @inproceedings{hanke:04001:sign-lang:lrec, author = {Hanke, Thomas}, title = {{HamNoSys} -- Representing Sign Language Data in Language Resources and Language Processing Contexts}, pages = {1--6}, editor = {Streiter, Oliver and Vettori, Chiara}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the {LREC2004} Workshop on the Representation and Processing of Sign Languages: From {SignWriting} to Image Processing. Information techniques and their implications for teaching, documentation and communication}, maintitle = {4th International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC} 2004)}, publisher = {{European Language Resources Association (ELRA)}}, address = {Lisbon, Portugal}, day = {30}, month = may, year = {2004}, language = {english}, url = {https://www.sign-lang.uni-hamburg.de/lrec/pub/04001.html}, abstract = {This paper gives a short overview of the Hamburg Notation System for Sign Languages (HamNoSys) and describes its application areas in language resources for sign languages and in sign language processing.} } @inproceedings{gleaves:04003:sign-lang:lrec, author = {Gleaves, Richard and Sutton, Valerie}, title = {{SignWriter}}, pages = {7--12}, editor = {Streiter, Oliver and Vettori, Chiara}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the {LREC2004} Workshop on the Representation and Processing of Sign Languages: From {SignWriting} to Image Processing. Information techniques and their implications for teaching, documentation and communication}, maintitle = {4th International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC} 2004)}, publisher = {{European Language Resources Association (ELRA)}}, address = {Lisbon, Portugal}, day = {30}, month = may, year = {2004}, language = {english}, url = {https://www.sign-lang.uni-hamburg.de/lrec/pub/04003.html}, abstract = {This paper reviews the design history of SignWriter, a word processor for the SignWriting system. While the primary goal of SignWriter was simply to create a word processor for SignWriting, its development and subsequent use had several beneficial effects on the SignWriting system. Various design aspects of SignWriter are considered in the context of current computing technologies and sign processing development efforts.} } @inproceedings{sapountzaki:04004:sign-lang:lrec, author = {Sapountzaki, Galini and Efthimiou, Eleni and Karpouzis, Costas and Kourbetis, Vassilis}, title = {Open-ended Resources in {Greek} {Sign} {Language}: Development of an e-Learning Platform}, pages = {13--19}, editor = {Streiter, Oliver and Vettori, Chiara}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the {LREC2004} Workshop on the Representation and Processing of Sign Languages: From {SignWriting} to Image Processing. Information techniques and their implications for teaching, documentation and communication}, maintitle = {4th International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC} 2004)}, publisher = {{European Language Resources Association (ELRA)}}, address = {Lisbon, Portugal}, day = {30}, month = may, year = {2004}, language = {english}, url = {https://www.sign-lang.uni-hamburg.de/lrec/pub/04004.html}, abstract = {In this paper we present the creation of dynamic linguistic resources of Greek Sign Language (GSL). The resources will feed the development of an educational multitask platform within the SYNENNOESE project for the teaching of and in GSL. The platform combines avatar and animation technologies for the production of sign sequences/streams, exploiting digital linguistic resources of both lexicon and grammar of GSL. In SYNENNOESE, the input is written Greek text, which is then transformed into GSL and appears animated on screen. A syntactic parser decodes the structural patterns of written Greek and matches them into equivalent patterns in GSL, which are then signed by a virtual human. The adopted notation system for the lexical database is HamNoSys (Hamburg Notation System). For the implementation of the digital signer tool, the signer's synthetic movement follows MPEG-4 standard and frame H-Anim with the use of VRML language.} } @inproceedings{crasborn:04005:sign-lang:lrec, author = {Crasborn, Onno and van der Kooij, Els and Broeder, Daan and Brugman, Hennie}, title = {Sharing sign language corpora online: proposals for transcription and metadata categories}, pages = {20--23}, editor = {Streiter, Oliver and Vettori, Chiara}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the {LREC2004} Workshop on the Representation and Processing of Sign Languages: From {SignWriting} to Image Processing. Information techniques and their implications for teaching, documentation and communication}, maintitle = {4th International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC} 2004)}, publisher = {{European Language Resources Association (ELRA)}}, address = {Lisbon, Portugal}, day = {30}, month = may, year = {2004}, language = {english}, url = {https://www.sign-lang.uni-hamburg.de/lrec/pub/04005.html}, abstract = {This paper presents the results of a European project called ECHO, which included an effort to publish sign language corpora online. The aim of the ECHO project was to explore the intricacies of sharing data using the internet in all areas of the humanities. For sign language, this involved adding a specific profile to the IMDI metadata set for characterizing spoken language corpora, and developing a set of transcription conventions that are useful for a broad audience of linguists. In addition to presenting these results, we outline some options for future technological developments, and bring forward some ethical problems relating to publishing video data on internet.} } @inproceedings{huenerfauth:04006:sign-lang:lrec, author = {Huenerfauth, Matt}, title = {Spatial Representation of Classifier Predicates for Machine Translation into {American} {Sign} {Language}}, pages = {24--31}, editor = {Streiter, Oliver and Vettori, Chiara}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the {LREC2004} Workshop on the Representation and Processing of Sign Languages: From {SignWriting} to Image Processing. Information techniques and their implications for teaching, documentation and communication}, maintitle = {4th International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC} 2004)}, publisher = {{European Language Resources Association (ELRA)}}, address = {Lisbon, Portugal}, day = {30}, month = may, year = {2004}, language = {english}, url = {https://www.sign-lang.uni-hamburg.de/lrec/pub/04006.html}, abstract = {The translation of English text into American Sign Language (ASL) animation tests the limits of traditional machine translation (MT) approaches. The generation of spatially complex ASL phenomena called ``classifier predicates'' motivates a new representation for ASL based on virtual reality modeling software, and previous linguistic research provides constraints on the design of an English-to- Classifier-Predicate translation process operating on this representation. This translation design can be incorporated into a multi- pathway architecture to build English-to-ASL MT systems capable of producing classifier predicates.} } @inproceedings{costa:04007:sign-lang:lrec, author = {Costa, Ant{\^o}nio Carlos da Rocha and Dimuro, Gra{\c c}aliz Pereira and Baldez de Freitas, Juliano}, title = {A Sign Matching Technique to Support Searches in Sign Language Texts}, pages = {32--36}, editor = {Streiter, Oliver and Vettori, Chiara}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the {LREC2004} Workshop on the Representation and Processing of Sign Languages: From {SignWriting} to Image Processing. Information techniques and their implications for teaching, documentation and communication}, maintitle = {4th International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC} 2004)}, publisher = {{European Language Resources Association (ELRA)}}, address = {Lisbon, Portugal}, day = {30}, month = may, year = {2004}, language = {english}, url = {https://www.sign-lang.uni-hamburg.de/lrec/pub/04007.html}, abstract = {This paper presents a technique for matching two signs written in the SignWriting system. We have defined such technique to support procedures for searching in sign language texts that were written in that writing system. Given the graphical nature of SignWriting, a graphical pattern matching method is needed, which can deal in controlled ways with the small graphical variations writers can introduce in the graphical forms of the signs, when they write them. The technique we present builds on a so-called degree of graphical similarity between signs, allowing for a sort of ``fuzzy'' graphical pattern matching procedure for written signs.} } @inproceedings{herrero:04008:sign-lang:lrec, author = {Herrero, Angel}, title = {A Practical Writing System for Sign Languages}, pages = {37--42}, editor = {Streiter, Oliver and Vettori, Chiara}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the {LREC2004} Workshop on the Representation and Processing of Sign Languages: From {SignWriting} to Image Processing. Information techniques and their implications for teaching, documentation and communication}, maintitle = {4th International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC} 2004)}, publisher = {{European Language Resources Association (ELRA)}}, address = {Lisbon, Portugal}, day = {30}, month = may, year = {2004}, language = {english}, url = {https://www.sign-lang.uni-hamburg.de/lrec/pub/04008.html}, abstract = {This paper discusses the problems involved in writing sign languages and explains the solutions offered by the Alphabetic Writing System (Sistema de Escritura Alfab{\'e}tica, S.E.A.) developed at the University of Alicante in Spain. We will ponder the syllabic nature of glottographic or phonetically-based writing systems, and will compare practical phonological knowledge of writing with notions of syllables and sequence. Taking advantage of the ideas of sequentiality contributed by the phonology of sign languages, we will propose a sequential writing model that can represent signers' practical phonological knowledge.} } @inproceedings{papadogiorgaki:04009:sign-lang:lrec, author = {Papadogiorgaki, Maria and Grammalidis, Nikos and Sarris, Nikos and Strintzis, Michael G.}, title = {Synthesis of Virtual Reality Animations from {SWML} using {MPEG-4} Body Animation Parameters}, pages = {43--50}, editor = {Streiter, Oliver and Vettori, Chiara}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the {LREC2004} Workshop on the Representation and Processing of Sign Languages: From {SignWriting} to Image Processing. Information techniques and their implications for teaching, documentation and communication}, maintitle = {4th International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC} 2004)}, publisher = {{European Language Resources Association (ELRA)}}, address = {Lisbon, Portugal}, day = {30}, month = may, year = {2004}, language = {english}, url = {https://www.sign-lang.uni-hamburg.de/lrec/pub/04009.html}, abstract = {This paper presents a novel approach for generating VRML animation sequences from Sign Language notation, based on MPEG-4 Body Animation. Sign Language notation, in the well-known SignWriting system, is provided as input and is initially converted to SWML (SignWriting Markup Language), an XML-based format which has recently been developed for the storage, indexing and processing of SignWriting notation. Each sign box (basic sign) is then converted to a sequence of Body Animation Parameters (BAPs) of the MPEG-4 standard, corresponding to the represented gesture. These sequences, which can also be coded and/or reproduced by MPEG-4 BAP players, are then used to animate H-anim compliant VRML avatars, reproducing the exact gestures represented in sign language notation. Envisaged applications include producing signing avatars for interactive information systems (Web, E-mail, info-- kiosks) and TV newscasts for persons with hearing disabilities.} } @inproceedings{efthimiou:04010:sign-lang:lrec, author = {Efthimiou, Eleni and Vacalopoulou, Anna and Fotinea, Stavroula-Evita and Steinhauer, Gregory}, title = {Multipurpose Design and Creation of {GSL} Dictionaries}, pages = {51--58}, editor = {Streiter, Oliver and Vettori, Chiara}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the {LREC2004} Workshop on the Representation and Processing of Sign Languages: From {SignWriting} to Image Processing. Information techniques and their implications for teaching, documentation and communication}, maintitle = {4th International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC} 2004)}, publisher = {{European Language Resources Association (ELRA)}}, address = {Lisbon, Portugal}, day = {30}, month = may, year = {2004}, language = {english}, url = {https://www.sign-lang.uni-hamburg.de/lrec/pub/04010.html}, abstract = {In this paper we present the methodology of data collection and implementation of databases with the purpose to create extensive lexical and terminological resources for the Greek Sign Language (GSL). The focus is on issues of linguistic content validation, multipurpose design and reusability of resources, exemplified by the multimedia dictionary products of the projects NOEMA (1999- 2001) and PROKLISI (2002-2004). As far as data collection methodology, DB design and resources development are concerned, a clear distinction is made between general language lexical items and terms, since the creation of resources for the two types of data undergoes different methodological principles, lexeme formation and usage conditions. There is also reference to content and interface evaluation mechanisms, as well as to basic linguistic research carried out for the support of lexicographical work.} } @inproceedings{vettori:04011:sign-lang:lrec, author = {Vettori, Chiara and Streiter, Oliver and Knapp, Judith}, title = {From Computer Assisted Language Learning ({CALL}) to Sign Language Processing: the Design of {E-LIS}, an Electronic Bilingual Dictionary of {Italian} {Sign} {Language} and {Italian}}, pages = {59--62}, editor = {Streiter, Oliver and Vettori, Chiara}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the {LREC2004} Workshop on the Representation and Processing of Sign Languages: From {SignWriting} to Image Processing. Information techniques and their implications for teaching, documentation and communication}, maintitle = {4th International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC} 2004)}, publisher = {{European Language Resources Association (ELRA)}}, address = {Lisbon, Portugal}, day = {30}, month = may, year = {2004}, language = {english}, url = {https://www.sign-lang.uni-hamburg.de/lrec/pub/04011.html}, abstract = {This paper presents the design of e-LIS (Electronic Bilingual Dictionary of Italian Sign Language (LIS) and Italian), an ongoing research project at the European Academy of Bolzano. We will argue that an electronic sign language dictionary has to fulfil the function of a reference dictionary as well as the function of a learner's dictionary. We therefore provide an analysis of CALL approaches and technologies, taking as example the CALL systems ELDIT and GYMN@ZILLA developed at the European Academy of Bolzano too. We will show in how far these approaches or techniques can be ported to create an electronic dictionary of sign languages, for which system components new solutions have to be found and whether specific modules for the processing of sign languages have to be integrated.} } @inproceedings{nogueira:04012:sign-lang:lrec, author = {Nogueira, Rub{\'e}n and Mart{\'i}nez, Jose M.}, title = {19th Century Signs in the Online {Spanish} {Sign} {Language} Library: the Historical Dictionary Project}, pages = {63--67}, editor = {Streiter, Oliver and Vettori, Chiara}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the {LREC2004} Workshop on the Representation and Processing of Sign Languages: From {SignWriting} to Image Processing. Information techniques and their implications for teaching, documentation and communication}, maintitle = {4th International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC} 2004)}, publisher = {{European Language Resources Association (ELRA)}}, address = {Lisbon, Portugal}, day = {30}, month = may, year = {2004}, language = {english}, url = {https://www.sign-lang.uni-hamburg.de/lrec/pub/04012.html}, abstract = {This paper will illustrate the work made in the Sign Language Virtual Library (http://www.cervantesvirtual.com/portal/signos), a project aimed at people interested in Spanish Sign Language; and specially, at its main users, Deaf people. It is organised into six different sections: Literature, Linguistics, researchers forum, Deaf culture and community, bilingual-bicultural education and didactic materials. Each section contains different publications related to the above mentioned areas. Moreover, in this web you will also find an innovation, since every publication includes a summary in Spanish sign language. Two sections will be described: The Historical Dictionary published by Francisco Fernandez Villabrille and the Alphabetical Writing Lessons. Our intention is showing a full functional version of the applications described on the paper.} } @inproceedings{ochse:04013:sign-lang:lrec, author = {Ochse, Elana}, title = {A language via two others: learning {English} through {LIS}}, pages = {68--74}, editor = {Streiter, Oliver and Vettori, Chiara}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the {LREC2004} Workshop on the Representation and Processing of Sign Languages: From {SignWriting} to Image Processing. Information techniques and their implications for teaching, documentation and communication}, maintitle = {4th International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC} 2004)}, publisher = {{European Language Resources Association (ELRA)}}, address = {Lisbon, Portugal}, day = {30}, month = may, year = {2004}, language = {english}, url = {https://www.sign-lang.uni-hamburg.de/lrec/pub/04013.html}, abstract = {The complex intercultural activity of teaching/learning to read and write in a foreign language clearly involves a reciprocal cultural exchange. While trying to get students to efficiently learn the language in question, namely English, the teacher adapts to her pupils' culture and communication mode: in this case LIS or Italian Sign Language. \par This paper attempts to demonstrate the complex process of developing a corpus for analysis of selected foreign language classroom exchanges. Here our emphasis is on face-to-face communication: what is imparted to the students by the teacher in Italian, how this information is transmitted or filtered by the LIS interpreter, what information the students eventually receive and how they react to it. A particular example of classroom activity has been filmed, transcribed and analysed from the points of view of successful communication, on the one hand, and failure or breakdown of exchange, on the other.} } @inproceedings{roald:04014:sign-lang:lrec, author = {Roald, Ingvild}, title = {Making Dictionaries of Technical Signs: from Paper and Glue through {SW-DOS} to {SignBank}}, pages = {75--78}, editor = {Streiter, Oliver and Vettori, Chiara}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the {LREC2004} Workshop on the Representation and Processing of Sign Languages: From {SignWriting} to Image Processing. Information techniques and their implications for teaching, documentation and communication}, maintitle = {4th International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC} 2004)}, publisher = {{European Language Resources Association (ELRA)}}, address = {Lisbon, Portugal}, day = {30}, month = may, year = {2004}, language = {english}, url = {https://www.sign-lang.uni-hamburg.de/lrec/pub/04014.html}, abstract = {Teaching mathematics and physics in upper secondary school for the deaf since 1975, this author has felt the need to collect signs for the various concepts. In the beginning illustration of signs were pasted into a booklet. Then SignWriting appeared, and signs were hand-written and later typed into the booklet. With the 3.1 version of SignWriter, the dictionary program appeared, and several thematic dictionaries were made. With the new SignBank program, there are new opportunities, and I can fill in what I before just had to code. Last year a Fulbright research fellow and myself were collecting signs for mathematics, and these are transferred into a SignBank file. From that file various ways of sorting and analysing is possible. Here these various stages are presented, with a focus especially on the SignBank and the opportunities and limitations that are present in this program.} } @inproceedings{aerts:04015:sign-lang:lrec, author = {Aerts, Steven and Braem, Bart and Van Mulders, Katrien and De Weerdt, Kristof}, title = {Searching {SignWriting} Signs}, pages = {79--81}, editor = {Streiter, Oliver and Vettori, Chiara}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the {LREC2004} Workshop on the Representation and Processing of Sign Languages: From {SignWriting} to Image Processing. Information techniques and their implications for teaching, documentation and communication}, maintitle = {4th International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC} 2004)}, publisher = {{European Language Resources Association (ELRA)}}, address = {Lisbon, Portugal}, day = {30}, month = may, year = {2004}, language = {english}, url = {https://www.sign-lang.uni-hamburg.de/lrec/pub/04015.html}, abstract = {At the moment the publication of the first written Flemish Sign Language (VGT) Dictionary is in progress. It consists of VGT glossaries and allows its users to lookup the signs for over 2000 Dutch words. The signs are written in SignWriting. \par We have established an electronic representation of this sign language dictionary. Searching for signs starting from a Dutch word works straightforward. The opposite, receiving results ordered by relevance, has never been develloped before. In this paper we explain how we have worked out such a system.} } @inproceedings{zwitserlood:04016:sign-lang:lrec, author = {Zwitserlood, Inge and Hekstra, Doeko}, title = {Sign Printing System -- {SignPS}}, pages = {82--84}, editor = {Streiter, Oliver and Vettori, Chiara}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the {LREC2004} Workshop on the Representation and Processing of Sign Languages: From {SignWriting} to Image Processing. Information techniques and their implications for teaching, documentation and communication}, maintitle = {4th International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC} 2004)}, publisher = {{European Language Resources Association (ELRA)}}, address = {Lisbon, Portugal}, day = {30}, month = may, year = {2004}, language = {english}, url = {https://www.sign-lang.uni-hamburg.de/lrec/pub/04016.html}, abstract = {The development of the Sign Printing System (SignPS) is based on the need of a way for sign language users and teachers to compose pictures of signs without having considerable drawing skills, to store these pictures into a database and to retrieve them at wish for several purposes. The sign pictures are abstract but nevertheless recognizeable without specific training. The programme is not developed for scientific purposes, but for use by the general (signing) public.} } @inproceedings{lenseigne:04017:sign-lang:lrec, author = {Lenseigne, Boris and Gianni, Fr{\'e}d{\'e}rick and Dalle, Patrice}, title = {A New Gesture Representation for Sign Language Analysis}, pages = {85--90}, editor = {Streiter, Oliver and Vettori, Chiara}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the {LREC2004} Workshop on the Representation and Processing of Sign Languages: From {SignWriting} to Image Processing. Information techniques and their implications for teaching, documentation and communication}, maintitle = {4th International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC} 2004)}, publisher = {{European Language Resources Association (ELRA)}}, address = {Lisbon, Portugal}, day = {30}, month = may, year = {2004}, language = {english}, url = {https://www.sign-lang.uni-hamburg.de/lrec/pub/04017.html}, abstract = {Computer aided human gesture analysis requires a model of gestures, and an acquisition system which builds the representation of the gesture according to this model. In the specific case of computer Vision, those representations are mostly based on primitives described from a perceptual point of view, but some recent issues in Sign language studies propose to use a proprioceptive description of gestures for signs analysis. As it helps to deal with ambiguities in monocular posture reconstruction too, we propose a new representation of the gestures based on angular values of the arm joints based on a single-camera computer vision algorithm.} } @inproceedings{hernandezrebollar:04018:sign-lang:lrec, author = {Hernandez-Rebollar, Jose L.}, title = {Phonetic Model for Automatic Recognition of Hand Gestures}, pages = {91--94}, editor = {Streiter, Oliver and Vettori, Chiara}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the {LREC2004} Workshop on the Representation and Processing of Sign Languages: From {SignWriting} to Image Processing. Information techniques and their implications for teaching, documentation and communication}, maintitle = {4th International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC} 2004)}, publisher = {{European Language Resources Association (ELRA)}}, address = {Lisbon, Portugal}, day = {30}, month = may, year = {2004}, language = {english}, url = {https://www.sign-lang.uni-hamburg.de/lrec/pub/04018.html}, abstract = {This paper discusses a phonetic model of hand gestures that leads to automatic recognition of isolated gestures of the American Sign Language by means of an electronic instrument. The instrumented part of the system combines an AcceleGlove and a two-link arm skeleton. The model brakes down hand gestures into unique sequences of phonemes called Poses and Movements. Recognition system was trained and tested on volunteers with different hand sizes and signing skills. The overall recognition rate reached 95{\%} on a lexicon of 176 one- handed signs. The phonetic model combined with the recognition algorithm allows recognition of new signs without retraining.} } @inproceedings{noelpp:04019:sign-lang:lrec, author = {Noelpp, Daniel Thomas Ulrich}, title = {Development of a New ``{SignWriter}'' Program}, pages = {95--97}, editor = {Streiter, Oliver and Vettori, Chiara}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the {LREC2004} Workshop on the Representation and Processing of Sign Languages: From {SignWriting} to Image Processing. Information techniques and their implications for teaching, documentation and communication}, maintitle = {4th International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC} 2004)}, publisher = {{European Language Resources Association (ELRA)}}, address = {Lisbon, Portugal}, day = {30}, month = may, year = {2004}, language = {english}, url = {https://www.sign-lang.uni-hamburg.de/lrec/pub/04019.html}, abstract = {The ``Sutton SignWriting'' system is a practical writing system for deaf sign languages. The symbols describe shape, location and movement of hands as well facial expressions and other signing information. ``SignWriter Java 1.5/Swing'' is being developed as the successor to ``SignWriter DOS'', a program for typing and editing ``SignWriting'' texts, used by school children, teachers, linguists and Deaf people. The new Java version 1.5 ``Tiger'' is used in development and Swing as the graphical user interface.} } @inproceedings{elliott:04020:sign-lang:lrec, author = {Elliott, Ralph and Glauert, John and Jennings, Vince and Kennaway, Richard}, title = {An Overview of the {SiGML} Notation and {SiGMLSigning} Software System}, pages = {98--104}, editor = {Streiter, Oliver and Vettori, Chiara}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the {LREC2004} Workshop on the Representation and Processing of Sign Languages: From {SignWriting} to Image Processing. Information techniques and their implications for teaching, documentation and communication}, maintitle = {4th International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC} 2004)}, publisher = {{European Language Resources Association (ELRA)}}, address = {Lisbon, Portugal}, day = {30}, month = may, year = {2004}, language = {english}, url = {https://www.sign-lang.uni-hamburg.de/lrec/pub/04020.html}, abstract = {We present an overview of the SiGML notation, an XML application developed to support the definition of Sign Language sequences for performance by a computer-generated virtual human, or avatar. We also describe SiGMLSigning, a software framework which uses synthetic animation techniques to provide real-time animation of sign language sequences expressed in SiGML.} } @inproceedings{bungeroth:04021:sign-lang:lrec, author = {Bungeroth, Jan and Ney, Hermann}, title = {Statistical Sign Language Translation}, pages = {105--108}, editor = {Streiter, Oliver and Vettori, Chiara}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the {LREC2004} Workshop on the Representation and Processing of Sign Languages: From {SignWriting} to Image Processing. Information techniques and their implications for teaching, documentation and communication}, maintitle = {4th International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC} 2004)}, publisher = {{European Language Resources Association (ELRA)}}, address = {Lisbon, Portugal}, day = {30}, month = may, year = {2004}, language = {english}, url = {https://www.sign-lang.uni-hamburg.de/lrec/pub/04021.html}, abstract = {In the field of machine translation, significant progress has been made by using statistical methods. In this paper we suggest a statistical machine translation system for Sign Language and written language, especially for the language pair German Sign Language (DGS) and German. After introducing the system's architecture, statistical machine translation in general and notation systems for Sign Language, the corpus processing is scetched. Finally, preliminary translation results are presented.} } @inproceedings{aznar:04022:sign-lang:lrec, author = {Aznar, Guylhem and Dalle, Patrice}, title = {Computer Support for {SignWriting} Written Form of Sign Language}, pages = {109--110}, editor = {Streiter, Oliver and Vettori, Chiara}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the {LREC2004} Workshop on the Representation and Processing of Sign Languages: From {SignWriting} to Image Processing. Information techniques and their implications for teaching, documentation and communication}, maintitle = {4th International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC} 2004)}, publisher = {{European Language Resources Association (ELRA)}}, address = {Lisbon, Portugal}, day = {30}, month = may, year = {2004}, language = {english}, url = {https://www.sign-lang.uni-hamburg.de/lrec/pub/04022.html}, abstract = {Signwriting's thesaurus is very large. It consists of 425 basic symbols, split in 60 groups from 10 categories. Each basic symbol can have 4 different representations, 6 different fillings and 16 different spatial rotations.} } @inproceedings{chen:04023:sign-lang:lrec, author = {Chen, Yiqiang and Gao, Wen and Yang, Changshui and Jiang, Dalong and Ge, Cunbao}, title = {{Chinese} {Sign} {Language} Synthesis and Its Applications}, pages = {111--112}, editor = {Streiter, Oliver and Vettori, Chiara}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the {LREC2004} Workshop on the Representation and Processing of Sign Languages: From {SignWriting} to Image Processing. Information techniques and their implications for teaching, documentation and communication}, maintitle = {4th International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC} 2004)}, publisher = {{European Language Resources Association (ELRA)}}, address = {Lisbon, Portugal}, day = {30}, month = may, year = {2004}, language = {english}, url = {https://www.sign-lang.uni-hamburg.de/lrec/pub/04023.html}, abstract = {The Sign Language is the communication language for deaf-mute community. Everywhere in the world may have their own sign language. There are over 20.57 million deaf people with thousand kinds of language in China. Hence a set of standard Chinese Sign language for the Deaf-Mute has been revised several times by Chinese Deaf-mute Association supported by the Chinese Government. The updated standard Chinese sign language will help you easily communicate with any deaf people in China.} } @inproceedings{laterza:04024:sign-lang:lrec, author = {Laterza, Paola and Baj, Claudio}, title = {Progetto {e-LIS@}}, pages = {113--125}, editor = {Streiter, Oliver and Vettori, Chiara}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the {LREC2004} Workshop on the Representation and Processing of Sign Languages: From {SignWriting} to Image Processing. Information techniques and their implications for teaching, documentation and communication}, maintitle = {4th International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC} 2004)}, publisher = {{European Language Resources Association (ELRA)}}, address = {Lisbon, Portugal}, day = {30}, month = may, year = {2004}, language = {english}, url = {https://www.sign-lang.uni-hamburg.de/lrec/pub/04024.html}, abstract = {Progetto e-LIS@ is the presentation of a work-in- progress, which was started in November 2000 by two Italian scholars, Paola Laterza (who is a hearing psychologist) and Claudio Baj, a Deaf LIS teacher. Their aim is to find a system of cataloguing signs in order to create a complete but flexible multimedial dictionary, to be used both by competent Italian Sign Language users and by competent users of Italian. This research presents a new way of ordering signs, different from the usual alphabetical one, and is more congenial to the signing community's linguistic needs, which are clearly oriented to the visual-corporeal channel rather than to the written- oral one. In fact, there are Italian/Sign Language dictionaries based on the alphabetical order, but there is none that goes from Sign Language to the written-oral language (Italian). Special attention has been paid to how signs are systematised: so far the handshape parameter has been explored in detail, but in the near future we plan to associate it with two more parameters, viz. location and orientation. At a later date movement and non-manual signals will also be included among the cataloguing criteria. The objective is not only to put signs in order according to a more flexible and therefore acceptable system for signers (like the alphabetical order satisfies hearing people's phonological needs), but also to allow for the quick search of signs in the multimedial dictionary. The paper describes how, after elaborating different versions in their step-by-step research, the two researchers decided that the present format was more functional, practical and economical from the point of view of the dictionary as an instrument. They will present the results already obtained in their research as well as their intermediate findings to demonstrate their chosen work method but also to receive feedback from other Italian and European realities.} } @inproceedings{braffort-etal-2004-toward:lrec, author = {Braffort, Annelies and Choisier, Annick and Collet, Christophe and Dalle, Patrice and Gianni, Fr{\'e}d{\'e}rick and Lenseigne, Boris and Segouat, J{\'e}r{\'e}mie}, title = {Toward an Annotation Software for Video of Sign Language, Including Image Processing Tools and Signing Space Modelling}, pages = {201--204}, editor = {Lino, Maria Teresa and Xavier, Maria Francisca and Ferreira, F{\'a}tima and Costa, Rute and Silva, Raquel}, booktitle = {4th International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC} 2004)}, publisher = {{European Language Resources Association (ELRA)}}, address = {Lisbon, Portugal}, day = {24--30}, month = may, year = {2004}, isbn = {978-2-9517408-1-5}, language = {english}, url = {https://aclanthology.org/L04-1419}, abstract = {Several French national projects have been achieved last years, allowing linguist and computer scientists working on French Sign Language (FSL) to establish a permanent collaboration. During these projects, several video FSL corpora have been realised. One of the research orientations induced by these projects relates to multi-disciplinary annotation. From the computer scientist's side, the aim is to develop an annotation software integrating different kind of tools based on image processing and 3d modelling that will be used to automatically annotate both lexical and syntactic information. This article presents several of these components. A first version of the annotation software integrating these components is under development.} } @inproceedings{brugman-etal-2004-collaborative:lrec, author = {Brugman, Hennie and Crasborn, Onno and Russel, Albert}, title = {Collaborative Annotation of Sign Language Data with Peer-to-Peer Technology}, pages = {213--216}, editor = {Lino, Maria Teresa and Xavier, Maria Francisca and Ferreira, F{\'a}tima and Costa, Rute and Silva, Raquel}, booktitle = {4th International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC} 2004)}, publisher = {{European Language Resources Association (ELRA)}}, address = {Lisbon, Portugal}, day = {24--30}, month = may, year = {2004}, isbn = {978-2-9517408-1-5}, language = {english}, url = {https://aclanthology.org/L04-1280}, abstract = {Collaboration on annotation projects is in practice mostly done by people sharing the same room. However, several models for online cooperative annotation over the internet are possible. This paper explores and evaluates these, and reports on the use of peer-to-peer technology to extend a multimedia annotation tool (ELAN) with functions that support collaborative annotation.} }