@inproceedings{segouat:08010:sign-lang:lrec, author = {Segouat, J{\'e}r{\'e}mie and Braffort, Annelies and Bolot, Laurence and Choisier, Annick and Filhol, Michael and Verrecchia, Cyril}, title = {Building {3D} {French} {Sign} {Language} lexicon}, pages = {174--177}, editor = {Crasborn, Onno and Efthimiou, Eleni and Hanke, Thomas and Thoutenhoofd, Ernst D. and Zwitserlood, Inge}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the {LREC2008} 3rd Workshop on the Representation and Processing of Sign Languages: Construction and Exploitation of Sign Language Corpora}, maintitle = {6th International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC} 2008)}, publisher = {{European Language Resources Association (ELRA)}}, address = {Marrakech, Morocco}, day = {1}, month = jun, year = {2008}, language = {english}, url = {https://www.sign-lang.uni-hamburg.de/lrec/pub/08010.html}, abstract = {Sign Language (SL) corpora can be made in vivo (in natural conditions, with or without guidelines) or in vitro (in a laboratory, with guidelines), like speech corpora. While some effort has been made to standardise on corpus metadata with the IMDI project, there is not such norm for SL corpus elaboration: the methodology depends on the research goal. \par Our aim is to create a 3D French SL (LSF) corpus to be used in different types of software, thus the signs must be considered without context. To fit our specific goals, we have decided on the following methodology: \par First of all we look for a referent gestuel: a deaf person, whose first language is LSF and whose signing corresponds to what is needed for the infographic part of the process (see step five). The referent gestuel has been chosen by the team's infographist. It is important to keep the same referent gestuel for all the lexicon, in order to keep a consistency in the 3D corpus. Then, for each scientific topic we consider, we look for an expert: a deaf person, whose first language is FSL and who is aware of the terminology used in the field. Because we want many topics corpus, we work with different experts. Thirdly we organise a meeting with the referent gestuel, the expert and, if necessary, other specialists of the topic we are working on, so they can discuss each meaning of each concept and sign it the as accurately as possible. The next step is to film the referent gestuel two views of the referent gestuel (frontal view and side view). Lastly we animate the 3D avatar by copying each frame of the video, using 3DSMax software. \par This 3D corpus will be used in at least three different informational pieces of software. One that can be used in railway stations to inform deaf users in LSF about the delay of a train or any other problem. Another application will be a dictionary: We are developing a LSF-French dictionary where signs would be given in a the form of a 3D avatar. A third example is to display an Embodied Conversational Agent (ECA) on our laboratory website so that our research topics can be explained in LSF if wanted. \par References \par Michael Filhol, Annelies Braffort et Laurence Bolot (to appear), Signing Avatar: Say hello to Elsi! In: Gesture in Human- Computer Interaction and Simulation, selected revised papers of the 7th International Gesture Workshop (GW'07), LNCS LNAI, Springer. \par Onno Crasborn {\&} Thomas Hanke (2003), Metadata for sign language corpora. Background document for an ECHO workshop, 8 + 9 May 2003, Nijmegen University.} } @inproceedings{bertinlemee-etal-2022-rosettalsf:lrec, author = {Bertin-Lem{\'e}e, Elise and Braffort, Annelies and Challant, Camille and Danet, Claire and Dauriac, Boris and Filhol, Michael and Martinod, Emmanuella and Segouat, J{\'e}r{\'e}mie}, title = {{Rosetta-LSF}: an Aligned Corpus of {French} {Sign} {Language} and {French} for Text-to-Sign Translation}, pages = {4955--4962}, editor = {Calzolari, Nicoletta and B{\'e}chet, Fr{\'e}d{\'e}ric and Blache, Philippe and Choukri, Khalid and Cieri, Christopher and Declerck, Thierry and Goggi, Sara and Isahara, Hitoshi and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Mazo, H{\'e}l{\`e}ne and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios}, booktitle = {13th International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC} 2022)}, publisher = {{European Language Resources Association (ELRA)}}, address = {Marseille, France}, day = {20--25}, month = jun, year = {2022}, isbn = {979-10-95546-72-6}, language = {english}, url = {https://aclanthology.org/2022.lrec-1.529}, abstract = {This article presents a new French Sign Language (LSF) corpus called "Rosetta-LSF". It was created to support future studies on the automatic translation of written French into LSF, rendered through the animation of a virtual signer. An overview of the field highlights the importance of a quality representation of LSF. In order to obtain quality animations understandable by signers, it must surpass the simple "gloss transcription" of the LSF lexical units to use in the discourse. To achieve this, we designed a corpus composed of four types of aligned data, and evaluated its usability. These are: news headlines in French, translations of these headlines into LSF in the form of videos showing animations of a virtual signer, gloss annotations of the "traditional" type---although including additional information on the context in which each gestural unit is performed as well as their potential for adaptation to another context---and AZee representations of the videos, i.e. formal expressions capturing the necessary and sufficient linguistic information. This article describes this data, exhibiting an example from the corpus. It is available online for public research.} } @inproceedings{segouat-etal-2006-sign:lrec, author = {Segouat, J{\'e}r{\'e}mie and Braffort, Annelies and Martin, Emilie}, title = {Sign Language corpus analysis: Synchronisation of linguistic annotation and numerical data}, pages = {1996--1999}, editor = {Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Gangemi, Aldo and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Odijk, Jan and Tapias, Daniel}, booktitle = {5th International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC} 2006)}, publisher = {{European Language Resources Association (ELRA)}}, address = {Genoa, Italy}, day = {22--28}, month = may, year = {2006}, isbn = {978-2-9517408-2-2}, language = {english}, url = {https://aclanthology.org/L06-1347}, abstract = {This paper presents a study on synchronization of linguistic annotation and numerical data on a video corpus of French Sign Language. We detail the methodology and sketches out the potential observations that can be provided by such a kind of mixed annotation. The corpus is composed of three views: close-up, frontal and top. Some image processing has been performed on each video in order to provide global information on the movement of the signers. That consists of the size and position of a bounding box surrounding the signer. Linguists have studied this corpus and have provided annotations on iconic structures, such as ``personal transfers'' (role shifts). We used an annotation software, ANVIL, to synchronize linguistic annotation and numerical data. This new approach of annotation seems promising for automatic detection of linguistic phenomena, such as classification of the signs according to their size in the signing space, and detection of some iconic structures. Our first results must be consolidated and extended on the whole corpus. The next step will consist of designing automatic processes in order to assist SL annotation.} } @inproceedings{braffort-etal-2004-toward:lrec, author = {Braffort, Annelies and Choisier, Annick and Collet, Christophe and Dalle, Patrice and Gianni, Fr{\'e}d{\'e}rick and Lenseigne, Boris and Segouat, J{\'e}r{\'e}mie}, title = {Toward an Annotation Software for Video of Sign Language, Including Image Processing Tools and Signing Space Modelling}, pages = {201--204}, editor = {Lino, Maria Teresa and Xavier, Maria Francisca and Ferreira, F{\'a}tima and Costa, Rute and Silva, Raquel}, booktitle = {4th International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC} 2004)}, publisher = {{European Language Resources Association (ELRA)}}, address = {Lisbon, Portugal}, day = {24--30}, month = may, year = {2004}, isbn = {978-2-9517408-1-5}, language = {english}, url = {https://aclanthology.org/L04-1419}, abstract = {Several French national projects have been achieved last years, allowing linguist and computer scientists working on French Sign Language (FSL) to establish a permanent collaboration. During these projects, several video FSL corpora have been realised. One of the research orientations induced by these projects relates to multi-disciplinary annotation. From the computer scientist's side, the aim is to develop an annotation software integrating different kind of tools based on image processing and 3d modelling that will be used to automatically annotate both lexical and syntactic information. This article presents several of these components. A first version of the annotation software integrating these components is under development.} }