@inproceedings{efthimiou:12025:sign-lang:lrec,
  author    = {Efthimiou, Eleni and Fotinea, Stavroula-Evita and Hanke, Thomas and Glauert, John and Bowden, Richard and Braffort, Annelies and Collet, Christophe and Maragos, Petros and Lefebvre-Albaret, Fran{\c c}ois},
  title     = {Sign Language technologies and resources of the {Dicta-Sign} project},
  pages     = {37--44},
  editor    = {Crasborn, Onno and Efthimiou, Eleni and Fotinea, Stavroula-Evita and Hanke, Thomas and Kristoffersen, Jette and Mesch, Johanna},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the {LREC2012} 5th Workshop on the Representation and Processing of Sign Languages: Interactions between Corpus and Lexicon},
  maintitle = {8th International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC} 2012)},
  publisher = {{European Language Resources Association (ELRA)}},
  address   = {Istanbul, Turkey},
  day       = {27},
  month     = may,
  year      = {2012},
  language  = {english},
  url       = {https://www.sign-lang.uni-hamburg.de/lrec/pub/12025.html},
  abstract  = {Here we present the outcomes of Dicta-Sign FP7-ICT project. Dicta-Sign researched ways to enable communication between Deaf individuals through the development of human-computer interfaces (HCI) for Deaf users, by means of Sign Language. It has researched and developed recognition and synthesis engines for sign languages (SLs) that have brought sign recognition and generation technologies significantly closer to authentic signing. In this context, Dicta-Sign has developed several technologies demonstrated via a sign language aware Web 2.0, combining work from the fields of sign language recognition, sign language animation via avatars and sign language resources and language models development, with the goal of allowing Deaf users to make, edit, and review avatar-based sign language contributions online, similar to the way people nowadays make text-based contributions on the Web.}
}

@inproceedings{matthes:12016:sign-lang:lrec,
  author    = {Matthes, Silke and Hanke, Thomas and Regen, Anja and Storz, Jakob and Worseck, Satu and Efthimiou, Eleni and Dimou, Athanasia-Lida and Braffort, Annelies and Glauert, John and Safar, Eva},
  title     = {{Dicta-Sign} -- Building a Multilingual Sign Language Corpus},
  pages     = {117--122},
  editor    = {Crasborn, Onno and Efthimiou, Eleni and Fotinea, Stavroula-Evita and Hanke, Thomas and Kristoffersen, Jette and Mesch, Johanna},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the {LREC2012} 5th Workshop on the Representation and Processing of Sign Languages: Interactions between Corpus and Lexicon},
  maintitle = {8th International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC} 2012)},
  publisher = {{European Language Resources Association (ELRA)}},
  address   = {Istanbul, Turkey},
  day       = {27},
  month     = may,
  year      = {2012},
  language  = {english},
  url       = {https://www.sign-lang.uni-hamburg.de/lrec/pub/12016.html},
  abstract  = {This paper presents the multilingual corpus of four European sign languages compiled in the framework of the Dicta-Sign project. Dicta-Sign researched ways to enable communication between Deaf individuals through the development of human-computer interfaces (HCI) for Deaf users, by means of sign language. Sign language resources were compiled to inform progress in the other research areas within the project, especially video recognition of signs, sign-to-sign translation, linguistic modelling, and sign generation. The aim for the corpus data collection was to achieve as high a level of naturalness as possible with semi-spontaneous utterances under lab conditions. At the same time the elicited data were supposed to be semantically close enough to be comparable both across individual informants and for all four sign languages. The sign language data were annotated using iLex and are now made available via a web portal that allows for different access options to the data.}
}

@inproceedings{efthimiou:10027:sign-lang:lrec,
  author    = {Efthimiou, Eleni and Fotinea, Stavroula-Evita and Hanke, Thomas and Glauert, John and Bowden, Richard and Braffort, Annelies and Collet, Christophe and Maragos, Petros and Goudenove, Fran{\c c}ois},
  title     = {{DICTA-SIGN}: Sign Language Recognition, Generation and Modelling with application in Deaf Communication},
  pages     = {80--83},
  editor    = {Dreuw, Philippe and Efthimiou, Eleni and Hanke, Thomas and Johnston, Trevor and Mart{\'i}nez Ruiz, Gregorio and Schembri, Adam},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the {LREC2010} 4th Workshop on the Representation and Processing of Sign Languages: Corpora and Sign Language Technologies},
  maintitle = {7th International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC} 2010)},
  publisher = {{European Language Resources Association (ELRA)}},
  address   = {Valletta, Malta},
  day       = {22--23},
  month     = may,
  year      = {2010},
  language  = {english},
  url       = {https://www.sign-lang.uni-hamburg.de/lrec/pub/10027.html},
  abstract  = {Here we present the components and objectives of the EU funded project DICTA-SIGN. Dicta-Sign (http://www.dictasign.eu) is a three-year research project that involves the Institute for Language and Speech Processing, the University of Hamburg, the University of East Anglia, the University of Surrey, LIMSI/CNRS, the Universit{\'e} Paul Sabatier, the National Technical University of Athens, and WebSourd. It aims to improve the state of web-based communication for Deaf people by allowing the use of sign language in various human-computer interaction scenarios. It researches and develops recognition and synthesis engines for signed languages, aiming at a level of detail necessary for recognizing and generating authentic signing. In this context, Dicta-Sign aims at developing several technologies demonstrated via a sign language-aware Web 2.0. 
\par
Dicta-Sign supports four European sign languages: Greek. British, German, and French Sign Language and differs from previous work in that it aims to integrate tightly recognition, animation, and machine translation. All these components are informed by appropriate linguistic models from the ground up, including phonology, grammar, and non-manual features. 
\par
Expected outputs of the project include:\begin{itemize}\item A parallel multi-lingual corpus for four national sign languages - German, British, French and Greek (DGS, BSL, LSF and GSL respectively),\item A substantial multilingual dictionary of at least 1000 signs for each represented sign language,\item A continuous sign language recognition system that achieves significant improvement in terms of coverage and accuracy of sign recognition in comparison with current technology; furthermore this system will research the novel directions of multimodal sign fusion and signer adaptation,\item A language generation and synthesis component, covering in detail the role of manual, non-manual and placement within signing space,\item Annotation tools which incorporate these technologies providing access to the corpus and whose long term utility can be judged by the up-take by other sign language researchers,\item Three bidirectional integrated prototype systems which show the utility of the system components beyond the annotation tools application,\item A showcase demonstrator which exhibits how integration of the different components can support user communication needs.\end{itemize}}
}

@inproceedings{elliott:10035:sign-lang:lrec,
  author    = {Elliott, Ralph and Bueno, Javier and Kennaway, Richard and Glauert, John},
  title     = {Towards the Integration of Synthetic {SL} Animation with Avatars into Corpus Annotation Tools},
  pages     = {84--87},
  editor    = {Dreuw, Philippe and Efthimiou, Eleni and Hanke, Thomas and Johnston, Trevor and Mart{\'i}nez Ruiz, Gregorio and Schembri, Adam},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the {LREC2010} 4th Workshop on the Representation and Processing of Sign Languages: Corpora and Sign Language Technologies},
  maintitle = {7th International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC} 2010)},
  publisher = {{European Language Resources Association (ELRA)}},
  address   = {Valletta, Malta},
  day       = {22--23},
  month     = may,
  year      = {2010},
  language  = {english},
  url       = {https://www.sign-lang.uni-hamburg.de/lrec/pub/10035.html},
  abstract  = {We outline the main features of our synthetic virtual human sign language system, JASigning.  We describe how we have extended its input notation, SiGML, to allow explicit control of performance time, and we describe our initial steps on the path to integrating virtual human sign language performance into annotation tools, where it may be compared with video depicting the corresponding real human performance.}
}

@inproceedings{jennings:10011:sign-lang:lrec,
  author    = {Jennings, Vince and Elliott, Ralph and Kennaway, Richard and Glauert, John},
  title     = {Requirements for a Signing Avatar},
  pages     = {133--136},
  editor    = {Dreuw, Philippe and Efthimiou, Eleni and Hanke, Thomas and Johnston, Trevor and Mart{\'i}nez Ruiz, Gregorio and Schembri, Adam},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the {LREC2010} 4th Workshop on the Representation and Processing of Sign Languages: Corpora and Sign Language Technologies},
  maintitle = {7th International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC} 2010)},
  publisher = {{European Language Resources Association (ELRA)}},
  address   = {Valletta, Malta},
  day       = {22--23},
  month     = may,
  year      = {2010},
  language  = {english},
  url       = {https://www.sign-lang.uni-hamburg.de/lrec/pub/10011.html},
  abstract  = {We present the technical specification for an avatar that is compliant with Animgen, the synthetic signing engine used at the University of East Anglia for generating deaf signing animations. The specification will include both the basic definition required for any standard animating avatar, and the additional parameters that Animgen requires to generate signing. Avatars compatible with Animgen are created using the ARPToolkit, an application developed at UEA that has a plug-in architecture for tools that are used for rigging an avatar mesh for animation. The toolkit also generates the additional data needed by Animgen for each avatar.}
}

@inproceedings{safar:10060:sign-lang:lrec,
  author    = {Safar, Eva and Glauert, John},
  title     = {Sign Language {HPSG}},
  pages     = {204--207},
  editor    = {Dreuw, Philippe and Efthimiou, Eleni and Hanke, Thomas and Johnston, Trevor and Mart{\'i}nez Ruiz, Gregorio and Schembri, Adam},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the {LREC2010} 4th Workshop on the Representation and Processing of Sign Languages: Corpora and Sign Language Technologies},
  maintitle = {7th International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC} 2010)},
  publisher = {{European Language Resources Association (ELRA)}},
  address   = {Valletta, Malta},
  day       = {22--23},
  month     = may,
  year      = {2010},
  language  = {english},
  url       = {https://www.sign-lang.uni-hamburg.de/lrec/pub/10060.html},
  abstract  = {We present an overview of some relevant aspects of sign language synthesis in the ViSiCAST project, which might serve as a possible basis for the Dicta-Sign project. Dicta-Sign is a 3-year EU-funded project, that undertakes parallel corpus collection in different Sign Languages (SLs) and fundamental research and development of sign recognition and generation techniques in order to open up new potential applications for sign language users. One of the aims in Dicta-Sign is to find a model that is suitable for both recognition and generation. In this paper we revisit the main aspects of the synthesis techniques implemented in ALE Prolog using a sign language specific HPSG with the view for future changes needed. We briefly describe the HPSG feature structure and the rules and principles of the grammar, which cover important SL phenomena like mode, prodrop, plurals, classifiers and signing space.}
}

@inproceedings{elliott:04020:sign-lang:lrec,
  author    = {Elliott, Ralph and Glauert, John and Jennings, Vince and Kennaway, Richard},
  title     = {An Overview of the {SiGML} Notation and {SiGMLSigning} Software System},
  pages     = {98--104},
  editor    = {Streiter, Oliver and Vettori, Chiara},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the {LREC2004} Workshop on the Representation and Processing of Sign Languages: From {SignWriting} to Image Processing. Information techniques and their implications for teaching, documentation and communication},
  maintitle = {4th International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC} 2004)},
  publisher = {{European Language Resources Association (ELRA)}},
  address   = {Lisbon, Portugal},
  day       = {30},
  month     = may,
  year      = {2004},
  language  = {english},
  url       = {https://www.sign-lang.uni-hamburg.de/lrec/pub/04020.html},
  abstract  = {We present an overview of the SiGML notation, an XML application developed to support the definition of Sign Language sequences for performance by a computer-generated virtual human, or avatar. We also describe SiGMLSigning, a software framework which uses synthetic animation techniques to provide real-time animation of sign language sequences expressed in SiGML.}
}