@inproceedings{gavrilescu:24037:sign-lang:lrec,
  author    = {Gavrilescu, Robert and Geraci, Carlo and Mesch, Johanna},
  title     = {Content Questions in Sign Language -- From theory to language description via corpus, experiments, and fieldwork},
  pages     = {86--94},
  editor    = {Efthimiou, Eleni and Fotinea, Stavroula-Evita and Hanke, Thomas and Hochgesang, Julie A. and Mesch, Johanna and Schulder, Marc},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the {LREC-COLING} 2024 11th Workshop on the Representation and Processing of Sign Languages: Evaluation of Sign Language Resources},
  maintitle = {2024 Joint International Conference on Computational Linguistics, Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC-COLING} 2024)},
  publisher = {{ELRA Language Resources Association (ELRA) and the International Committee on Computational Linguistics (ICCL)}},
  address   = {Torino, Italy},
  day       = {25},
  month     = may,
  year      = {2024},
  isbn      = {978-2-493814-30-2},
  language  = {english},
  url       = {https://www.sign-lang.uni-hamburg.de/lrec/pub/24037.html},
  abstract  = {The theory of language structure informs us about what we should expect when we want to investigate a certain construction. However, reality is often richer than what theories predict. In this study, we start from a theoretically informed set of hypotheses about the structure of wh-questions in sign language, we test them using a sign language corpus, a designed production experiment, and structured fieldwork in three sign languages, Swedish, Greek and French Sign Languages. The results will inform us on what type of contribution each research method can provide to reach accurate language descriptions.}
}

@inproceedings{geraci:14017:sign-lang:lrec,
  author    = {Geraci, Carlo and Mazzei, Alessandro},
  title     = {Last train to ``{Rebaudengo} {Fossano}'': The case of some names in avatar translation},
  pages     = {63--66},
  editor    = {Crasborn, Onno and Efthimiou, Eleni and Fotinea, Stavroula-Evita and Hanke, Thomas and Hochgesang, Julie A. and Kristoffersen, Jette and Mesch, Johanna},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the {LREC2014} 6th Workshop on the Representation and Processing of Sign Languages: Beyond the Manual Channel},
  maintitle = {9th International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC} 2014)},
  publisher = {{European Language Resources Association (ELRA)}},
  address   = {Reykjavik, Iceland},
  day       = {31},
  month     = may,
  year      = {2014},
  language  = {english},
  url       = {https://www.sign-lang.uni-hamburg.de/lrec/pub/14017.html},
  abstract  = {In this study, we present an unorthodox case study where cross-linguistic and cross modal information is provided by a ``non-manual'' channel during the process of automatic translation from spoken into sign language (SL) via virtual actors (avatars). Specifically, we blended written forms (crucially, not subtitles) into the sign stream in order to import the names of less-known train stations into Italian Sign Language (LIS). This written Italian-LIS blending is a more effective compromise for Deaf passengers than fully native solutions like fingerspelling or using the local less-known SL names. We report here on part of an ongoing project, LIS4ALL, aiming at producing a prototype avatar signing train station announcements. The final product will be exhibited at the train station of Torino Porta Nuova in Turin, Italy.}
}

@inproceedings{mantovan:14016:sign-lang:lrec,
  author    = {Mantovan, Lara and Geraci, Carlo and Cardinaletti, Anna},
  title     = {Addressing the cardinals puzzle: New insights from non-nanual markers in {Italian} {Sign} {Language}},
  pages     = {113--116},
  editor    = {Crasborn, Onno and Efthimiou, Eleni and Fotinea, Stavroula-Evita and Hanke, Thomas and Hochgesang, Julie A. and Kristoffersen, Jette and Mesch, Johanna},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the {LREC2014} 6th Workshop on the Representation and Processing of Sign Languages: Beyond the Manual Channel},
  maintitle = {9th International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC} 2014)},
  publisher = {{European Language Resources Association (ELRA)}},
  address   = {Reykjavik, Iceland},
  day       = {31},
  month     = may,
  year      = {2014},
  language  = {english},
  url       = {https://www.sign-lang.uni-hamburg.de/lrec/pub/14016.html},
  abstract  = {This paper aims at investigating the main linguistic properties associated with cardinal numerals in LIS (Italian sign language). Considering this issue from several perspectives (phonology, prosody, semantics and syntax), we discuss some relevant corpus and elicited data with the purpose of shedding light on the distribution of cardinals in LIS. We also explain what triggers the emergence of different word/sign orders in the noun phrase. Non-manual markers are crucial in detecting two particular subcases.}
}

@inproceedings{conte:10024:sign-lang:lrec,
  author    = {Conte, Genny and Santoro, Mirko and Geraci, Carlo and Cardinaletti, Anna},
  title     = {Why are you raising your eyebrows?},
  pages     = {53--56},
  editor    = {Dreuw, Philippe and Efthimiou, Eleni and Hanke, Thomas and Johnston, Trevor and Mart{\'i}nez Ruiz, Gregorio and Schembri, Adam},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the {LREC2010} 4th Workshop on the Representation and Processing of Sign Languages: Corpora and Sign Language Technologies},
  maintitle = {7th International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC} 2010)},
  publisher = {{European Language Resources Association (ELRA)}},
  address   = {Valletta, Malta},
  day       = {22--23},
  month     = may,
  year      = {2010},
  language  = {english},
  url       = {https://www.sign-lang.uni-hamburg.de/lrec/pub/10024.html},
  abstract  = {It is widely known that sign languages make an extensive use of non-manual markers (NMM) to transmit linguistic information. Some NMMs are specific to particular constructions (in several Sign Languages, furrowed eyebrows is mostly used to mark wh-questions, while headshake is used to mark negation), others may occur in several unrelated constructions (see eyebrow raising in American sign language). This study presents preliminary results of a quantitative investigation of the distribution of raised eyebrows (re-NMM) in Italian Sign Language (LIS). Re-NMM frequently occurs in spontaneous signing and is used to mark a variety of constructions; therefore re-NMM qualifies as a good candidate for a VARBRUL analysis. In particular, re-NMM may mark 8 different constructions in LIS: yes/no-questions, topics, if-clauses, correlative clauses, focus, contrastive focus, subordinate clauses, and the signer's attitude. Data come from a corpus of LIS and have been analyzed with the ELAN software. Results show an even distribution across the sample for most of the uses of re-NMM. Only two functions turned out to be significantly different: the use of re-NMM as a focus marker and the use of re-NMM as an attitude marker, which are sensitive to age.}
}

@inproceedings{geraci:10023:sign-lang:lrec,
  author    = {Geraci, Carlo and Bayley, Robert and Branchini, Chiara and Cardinaletti, Anna and Cecchetto, Carlo and Donati, Caterina and Giudice, Serena and Mereghetti, Emiliano and Poletti, Fabio and Santoro, Mirko and Zucchi, Sandro},
  title     = {Building a corpus for {Italian} {Sign} {Language}. Methodological issues and some preliminary results},
  pages     = {98--101},
  editor    = {Dreuw, Philippe and Efthimiou, Eleni and Hanke, Thomas and Johnston, Trevor and Mart{\'i}nez Ruiz, Gregorio and Schembri, Adam},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the {LREC2010} 4th Workshop on the Representation and Processing of Sign Languages: Corpora and Sign Language Technologies},
  maintitle = {7th International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC} 2010)},
  publisher = {{European Language Resources Association (ELRA)}},
  address   = {Valletta, Malta},
  day       = {22--23},
  month     = may,
  year      = {2010},
  language  = {english},
  url       = {https://www.sign-lang.uni-hamburg.de/lrec/pub/10023.html},
  abstract  = {The aim of this paper is to discuss some methodological issues that emerged during the creation of a corpus of data for Italian Sign Language, LIS. Data were collected from 10 cities spread across the country. 18 signers from each city have been recruited. They are native speakers of LIS or later-exposed to LIS and are divided into 3 age groups (19-38, 39-58, 59-78) of 6 signers each (3 males and 3 females). The methodology of data collection and transcription is similar to that used in previous studies of variation in American Sign Language (Lucas, Bayley {\&} Valli 2001) and Australian Sign Language (Johnston {\&} Schembri 2006), with some differences that we discuss. The corpus consists of various kinds of texts collected with different strategies: free conversation (45 minutes), elicited dialogues (about 5-10 minutes), narration (10 minutes) and a picture-naming task (42 items). For the transcription we adopted the ELAN software (Johnston {\&} Crasborn 2006). Finally, a brief report on some preliminary results is presented.}
}

@inproceedings{yu-etal-2018-sign:lrec,
  author    = {Yu, Shi and Geraci, Carlo and Abner, Natasha},
  title     = {Sign Languages and the Online World Online Dictionaries {\&} Lexicostatistics},
  pages     = {4235--4240},
  editor    = {Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Cieri, Christopher and Declerck, Thierry and Goggi, Sara and Hasida, Koiti and Isahara, Hitoshi and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Mazo,  H{\'e}l{\`e}ne and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios and Tokunaga, Takenobu},
  booktitle = {11th International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC} 2018)},
  publisher = {{European Language Resources Association (ELRA)}},
  address   = {Miyazaki, Japan},
  day       = {7--12},
  month     = may,
  year      = {2018},
  isbn      = {979-10-95546-00-9},
  language  = {english},
  url       = {https://aclanthology.org/L18-1668},
  abstract  = {Several online dictionaries documenting the lexicon of a variety of sign languages (SLs) are now available. These are rich resources for comparative studies, but there are methodological issues that must be addressed regarding how these resources are used for research purposes. We created a web-based tool for annotating the articulatory features of signs (handshape, location, movement and orientation). Videos from online dictionaries may be embedded in the tool, providing a mechanism for large-scale theoretically-informed sign language annotation. Annotations are saved in a spreadsheet format ready for quantitative and qualitative analyses. Here, we provide proof of concept for the utility of this tool in linguistic analysis. We used the SL adaptation of the Swadesh list (Woodward, 2000) and applied lexicostatistic and phylogenetic methods to a sample of 23 SLs coded using the web-based tool; supplementary historic information was gathered from the Ethnologue of World Languages and other online sources. We report results from the comparison of all articulatory features for four Asian SLs (Chinese, Hong Kong, Taiwanese and Japanese SLs) and from the comparison of handshapes on the entire 23 language sample. Handshape analysis of the entire sample clusters all Asian SLs together, separated from the European, American, and Brazilian SLs in the sample, as historically expected. Within the Asian SL cluster, analyses also show, for example, marginal relatedness between Chinese and Hong Kong SLs.}
}