@inproceedings{borstell:24003:sign-lang:lrec,
  author    = {B{\"o}rstell, Carl},
  title     = {Evaluating the Alignment of Utterances in the {Swedish} {Sign} {Language} Corpus},
  pages     = {36--45},
  editor    = {Efthimiou, Eleni and Fotinea, Stavroula-Evita and Hanke, Thomas and Hochgesang, Julie A. and Mesch, Johanna and Schulder, Marc},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the {LREC-COLING} 2024 11th Workshop on the Representation and Processing of Sign Languages: Evaluation of Sign Language Resources},
  maintitle = {2024 Joint International Conference on Computational Linguistics, Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC-COLING} 2024)},
  publisher = {{ELRA Language Resources Association (ELRA) and the International Committee on Computational Linguistics (ICCL)}},
  address   = {Torino, Italy},
  day       = {25},
  month     = may,
  year      = {2024},
  isbn      = {978-2-493814-30-2},
  language  = {english},
  url       = {https://www.sign-lang.uni-hamburg.de/lrec/pub/24003.html},
  abstract  = {The Swedish Sign Language (STS) Corpus mainly contains segmentations on the lexical level (i.e. signs), which makes it difficult to extract information at clause- or utterance-like levels. In this paper, I evaluate three different methods of segmenting the data into larger units: prosodic, syntactic and translation-based utterance units. The results show that none of the utterance units have particularly high accuracy in their alignment with the others, illustrating the challenges facing researchers who are looking to extract meaningful units above the lexical level. In a second step, I extract articulation information from the corpus videos using computer vision methods, but find no clear alignment of articulatory features of the hands and head with the boundaries of the utterance units.}
}

@inproceedings{mesch:24007:sign-lang:lrec,
  author    = {Mesch, Johanna and Bj{\"o}rkstrand, Thomas and Balkstam, Eira and Hansson, Patrick and Riemer Kankkonen, Nikolaus},
  title     = {{Swedish} {Sign} {Language} Resources from a User's Perspective},
  pages     = {254--261},
  editor    = {Efthimiou, Eleni and Fotinea, Stavroula-Evita and Hanke, Thomas and Hochgesang, Julie A. and Mesch, Johanna and Schulder, Marc},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the {LREC-COLING} 2024 11th Workshop on the Representation and Processing of Sign Languages: Evaluation of Sign Language Resources},
  maintitle = {2024 Joint International Conference on Computational Linguistics, Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC-COLING} 2024)},
  publisher = {{ELRA Language Resources Association (ELRA) and the International Committee on Computational Linguistics (ICCL)}},
  address   = {Torino, Italy},
  day       = {25},
  month     = may,
  year      = {2024},
  isbn      = {978-2-493814-30-2},
  language  = {english},
  url       = {https://www.sign-lang.uni-hamburg.de/lrec/pub/24007.html},
  abstract  = {The Swedish Sign Language Dictionary [Svenskt teckenspr{\aa}kslexikon] is one of the most visited websites at Stockholm University, with four million visits each year. The dictionary is an easy-to-use resource for the community, families, relatives, students, educators, researchers and other stakeholders that can be accessed through the website, app, and mobile platforms. STS-korpus is an online interface for the Swedish Sign Language Corpus that is linked to the STS Dictionary, enhancing its utility. Other applications, like TSP Quiz and the STS transcription tool, will also be evaluated. In January 2024, we conducted a survey to explore how users utilise Swedish sign language resources in their everyday lives, studies and work, regardless of hearing status and sign language skills. The purpose is to evaluate these resources from a user's perspective, including aspects such as user-friendliness, relevance, comprehensibility and effectiveness in aiding language learning or communication.}
}

@inproceedings{oqvist:20014:sign-lang:lrec,
  author    = {{\"O}qvist, Zrajm and Riemer Kankkonen, Nikolaus and Mesch, Johanna},
  title     = {{STS-korpus}: A Sign Language Web Corpus Tool for Teaching and Public Use},
  pages     = {177--180},
  editor    = {Efthimiou, Eleni and Fotinea, Stavroula-Evita and Hanke, Thomas and Hochgesang, Julie A. and Kristoffersen, Jette and Mesch, Johanna},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the {LREC2020} 9th Workshop on the Representation and Processing of Sign Languages: Sign Language Resources in the Service of the Language Community, Technological Challenges and Application Perspectives},
  maintitle = {12th International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC} 2020)},
  publisher = {{European Language Resources Association (ELRA)}},
  address   = {Marseille, France},
  day       = {16},
  month     = may,
  year      = {2020},
  isbn      = {979-10-95546-54-2},
  language  = {english},
  url       = {https://www.sign-lang.uni-hamburg.de/lrec/pub/20014.html},
  abstract  = {In this paper we describe STS-korpus, a web corpus tool for Swedish Sign Language (STS) which we have built during the past year, and which is now publicly available on the internet. STS-korpus uses the data of Swedish Sign Language Corpus (SSLC) and is primarily intended for teachers and students of sign language. As such it is created to be simple and user-friendly with no download or setup required. The user interface allows for searching -- with search results displayed as a simple concordance -- and viewing of videos with annotations. Each annotation also provides additional data and links to the corresponding entry in the online Swedish Sign Language Dictionary. We describe the corpus, its appearance and search syntax, as well as more advanced features like access control and dynamic content. Finally we say a word or two about the role we hope it will play in the classroom, and something about the development process and the software used. STS-korpus is available here: https://teckensprakskorpus.su.se}
}

@inproceedings{salonen:20004:sign-lang:lrec,
  author    = {Salonen, Juhana and Kronqvist, Antti and Jantunen, Tommi},
  title     = {The Corpus of {Finnish} {Sign} {Language}},
  pages     = {197--202},
  editor    = {Efthimiou, Eleni and Fotinea, Stavroula-Evita and Hanke, Thomas and Hochgesang, Julie A. and Kristoffersen, Jette and Mesch, Johanna},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the {LREC2020} 9th Workshop on the Representation and Processing of Sign Languages: Sign Language Resources in the Service of the Language Community, Technological Challenges and Application Perspectives},
  maintitle = {12th International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC} 2020)},
  publisher = {{European Language Resources Association (ELRA)}},
  address   = {Marseille, France},
  day       = {16},
  month     = may,
  year      = {2020},
  isbn      = {979-10-95546-54-2},
  language  = {english},
  url       = {https://www.sign-lang.uni-hamburg.de/lrec/pub/20004.html},
  abstract  = {This paper presents the Corpus of Finnish Sign Language (Corpus FinSL), a structured and annotated collection of Finnish Sign Language (FinSL) videos published in May 2019 in FIN-CLARIN's Language Bank of Finland. The corpus is divided into two subcorpora, one of which comprises elicited narratives and the other conversations. All of the FinSL material has been annotated using ELAN and the lexical database Finnish Signbank. Basic annotation includes ID-glosses and translations into Finnish. The anonymized metadata of Corpus FinSL has been organized in accordance with the IMDI standard. Altogether, Corpus FinSL contains nearly 15 hours of video material from 21 FinSL users. Corpus FinSL has already been exploited in FinSL research and teaching, and it is predicted that in the future it will have a significant positive impact on these fields as well as on the status of the sign language community in Finland.}
}

@inproceedings{mesch:18019:sign-lang:lrec,
  author    = {Mesch, Johanna and Sch{\"o}nstr{\"o}m, Krister},
  title     = {From Design and Collection to Annotation of a Learner Corpus of Sign Language},
  pages     = {121--126},
  editor    = {Bono, Mayumi and Efthimiou, Eleni and Fotinea, Stavroula-Evita and Hanke, Thomas and Hochgesang, Julie A. and Kristoffersen, Jette and Mesch, Johanna and Osugi, Yutaka},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the {LREC2018} 8th Workshop on the Representation and Processing of Sign Languages: Involving the Language Community},
  maintitle = {11th International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC} 2018)},
  publisher = {{European Language Resources Association (ELRA)}},
  address   = {Miyazaki, Japan},
  day       = {12},
  month     = may,
  year      = {2018},
  isbn      = {979-10-95546-01-6},
  language  = {english},
  url       = {https://www.sign-lang.uni-hamburg.de/lrec/pub/18019.html},
  abstract  = {This paper aims to present part of the project ``From Speech to Sign -- learning Swedish Sign Language as a second language'' which include a learner corpus that is based on data produced by hearing adult L2 signers. The paper describes the design of corpus building and the collection of data for the Corpus in Swedish Sign Language as a Second Language (SSLC-L2). Another component of ongoing work is the creation of a specialized annotation scheme for SSLC-L2, one that differs somewhat from the annotation work in Swedish Sign Language Corpus (SSLC), where the data is based on performance by L1 signers. Also, we will account for and discuss the methodology used to annotate L2 structures.}
}

@inproceedings{riemerkankkonen:18022:sign-lang:lrec,
  author    = {Riemer Kankkonen, Nikolaus and Bj{\"o}rkstrand, Thomas and Mesch, Johanna and B{\"o}rstell, Carl},
  title     = {Crowdsourcing for the {Swedish} {Sign} {Language} Dictionary},
  pages     = {171--176},
  editor    = {Bono, Mayumi and Efthimiou, Eleni and Fotinea, Stavroula-Evita and Hanke, Thomas and Hochgesang, Julie A. and Kristoffersen, Jette and Mesch, Johanna and Osugi, Yutaka},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the {LREC2018} 8th Workshop on the Representation and Processing of Sign Languages: Involving the Language Community},
  maintitle = {11th International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC} 2018)},
  publisher = {{European Language Resources Association (ELRA)}},
  address   = {Miyazaki, Japan},
  day       = {12},
  month     = may,
  year      = {2018},
  isbn      = {979-10-95546-01-6},
  language  = {english},
  url       = {https://www.sign-lang.uni-hamburg.de/lrec/pub/18022.html},
  abstract  = {In this paper, we describe how we are actively using the Swedish Sign Language (SSL) community in collecting and documenting signs and lexical variation for our language resources, particularly the online Swedish Sign Language Dictionary (SSLD). Apart from using the SSL Corpus as a source of input for new signs and lexical variation in the SSLD, we also involve the community in two ways: first, we interact with SSL signers directly at various venues, collecting signs and judgments about signs; second, we discuss sign usage, lexical variation, and sign formation with SSL signers on social media, particularly through a Facebook group in which we both actively engage in and monitor discussions about SSL. Through these channels, we are able to get direct feedback on our language documentation work and improve on what has become the main lexicographic resource for SSL. We describe the process of simultaneously using corpus data, judgment and elicitation data, and crowdsourcing and discussion groups for enhancing the SSLD, and give examples of findings pertaining to lexical variation resulting from this work.}
}

@inproceedings{borstell:16025:sign-lang:lrec,
  author    = {B{\"o}rstell, Carl and Wiren, Mats and Mesch, Johanna and G{\"a}rdenfors, Moa},
  title     = {Towards an Annotation of Syntactic Structure in the {Swedish} {Sign} {Language} Corpus},
  pages     = {19--24},
  editor    = {Efthimiou, Eleni and Fotinea, Stavroula-Evita and Hanke, Thomas and Hochgesang, Julie A. and Kristoffersen, Jette and Mesch, Johanna},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the {LREC2016} 7th Workshop on the Representation and Processing of Sign Languages: Corpus Mining},
  maintitle = {10th International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC} 2016)},
  publisher = {{European Language Resources Association (ELRA)}},
  address   = {Portoro{\v z}, Slovenia},
  day       = {28},
  month     = may,
  year      = {2016},
  language  = {english},
  url       = {https://www.sign-lang.uni-hamburg.de/lrec/pub/16025.html},
  abstract  = {This paper describes on-going work on extending the annotation of the Swedish Sign Language Corpus (SSLC) with a level of syntactic structure. The basic annotation of SSLC in ELAN consists of six tiers: four for sign glosses (two tiers for each signer; one for each of a signer's hands), and two for written Swedish translations (one for each signer). In an additional step by {\"O}stling et al. (2015), all glosses of the corpus have been further annotated for parts of speech. Building on the previous steps, we are now developing annotation of clause structure for the corpus, based on meaning and form. We define a clause as a unit in which a predicate asserts something about one or more elements (the arguments). The predicate can be a (possibly serial) verbal or nominal. In addition to predicates and their arguments, criteria for delineating clauses include non-manual features such as body posture, head movement and eye gaze. The goal of this work is to arrive at two additional annotation tier types in the SSLC: one in which the sign language texts are segmented into clauses, and the other in which the individual signs are annotated for their argument types.}
}

@inproceedings{salonen:16017:sign-lang:lrec,
  author    = {Salonen, Juhana and Takkinen, Ritva and Puupponen, Anna and Nieminen, Henri and Pippuri, Outi},
  title     = {Creating Corpora of {Finland}'s Sign Languages},
  pages     = {179--184},
  editor    = {Efthimiou, Eleni and Fotinea, Stavroula-Evita and Hanke, Thomas and Hochgesang, Julie A. and Kristoffersen, Jette and Mesch, Johanna},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the {LREC2016} 7th Workshop on the Representation and Processing of Sign Languages: Corpus Mining},
  maintitle = {10th International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC} 2016)},
  publisher = {{European Language Resources Association (ELRA)}},
  address   = {Portoro{\v z}, Slovenia},
  day       = {28},
  month     = may,
  year      = {2016},
  language  = {english},
  url       = {https://www.sign-lang.uni-hamburg.de/lrec/pub/16017.html},
  abstract  = {This paper discusses the process of creating corpora of the sign languages used in Finland, Finnish Sign Language (FinSL) and Finland-Swedish Sign Language (FinSSL). It describes the process of getting informants and data, editing and storing the data, the general principles of annotation, and the creation of a web-based lexical database, the FinSL Signbank, developed on the basis of the NGT Signbank, which is a branch of the Auslan Signbank. The corpus project of Finland{\' }s Sign Languages (CFINSL) started in 2014 at the Sign Language Centre of the University of Jyv{\"a}skyl{\"a}. Its aim is to collect conversations and narrations from 80 FinSL users and 20 FinSSL users who are living in different parts of Finland. The participants are filmed in signing sessions led by a native signer in the Audio-visual Research Centre at the University of Jyv{\"a}skyl{\"a}. The edited material is stored in the IDA storage service produced by the CSC -- IT Center for Science, and the metadata will be saved into CMDI metadata. Every informant is asked to sign a consent form where they state for what kinds of purposes their signing can be used. The corpus data are annotated using the ELAN tool. At the moment, annotations are created on the levels of glosses and translation.}
}

@inproceedings{borstell:14023:sign-lang:lrec,
  author    = {B{\"o}rstell, Carl and Mesch, Johanna and Wallin, Lars},
  title     = {Segmenting the {Swedish} {Sign} {Language} corpus: On the possibilities of using visual cues as a basis for syntactic segmentation},
  pages     = {7--10},
  editor    = {Crasborn, Onno and Efthimiou, Eleni and Fotinea, Stavroula-Evita and Hanke, Thomas and Hochgesang, Julie A. and Kristoffersen, Jette and Mesch, Johanna},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the {LREC2014} 6th Workshop on the Representation and Processing of Sign Languages: Beyond the Manual Channel},
  maintitle = {9th International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC} 2014)},
  publisher = {{European Language Resources Association (ELRA)}},
  address   = {Reykjavik, Iceland},
  day       = {31},
  month     = may,
  year      = {2014},
  language  = {english},
  url       = {https://www.sign-lang.uni-hamburg.de/lrec/pub/14023.html},
  abstract  = {This paper deals with the possibility of conducting syntactic segmentation of the Swedish Sign Language Corpus (SSLC) on the basis of the visual cues from both manual and nonmanual signals. The SSLC currently features segmentation on the lexical level only, which is why the need for a linguistically valid segmentation on e.g.~the clausal level would be very useful for corpus-based studies on the grammatical structure of Swedish Sign Language (SSL). An experiment was carried out letting seven Deaf signers of SSL each segment two short texts (one narrative and one dialogue) using ELAN, based on the visual cues they perceived as boundaries. This was later compared to the linguistic analysis done by a language expert (also a Deaf signer of SSL), who segmented the same texts into what was considered syntactic clausal units. Furthermore, these segmentation procedures were compared to the segmentation done for the Swedish translations also found in the SSLC. The results show that though the visual and syntactic segmentations overlap in many cases, especially when a number of cues coincide, the visual segmentation is not consistent enough to be used as a means of segmenting syntactic units in the SSLC.}
}

@inproceedings{mesch:12001:sign-lang:lrec,
  author    = {Mesch, Johanna and Wallin, Lars and Bj{\"o}rkstrand, Thomas},
  title     = {Sign Language Resources in {Sweden}: Dictionary and Corpus},
  pages     = {127--130},
  editor    = {Crasborn, Onno and Efthimiou, Eleni and Fotinea, Stavroula-Evita and Hanke, Thomas and Kristoffersen, Jette and Mesch, Johanna},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the {LREC2012} 5th Workshop on the Representation and Processing of Sign Languages: Interactions between Corpus and Lexicon},
  maintitle = {8th International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC} 2012)},
  publisher = {{European Language Resources Association (ELRA)}},
  address   = {Istanbul, Turkey},
  day       = {27},
  month     = may,
  year      = {2012},
  language  = {english},
  url       = {https://www.sign-lang.uni-hamburg.de/lrec/pub/12001.html},
  abstract  = {Sign language resources are necessary tools for adequately serving the needs of learners, teachers and researchers of signed languages. Among these resources, the Swedish Sign Language Dictionary was begun in 2008 and has been in development ever since. Today, it has approximately 8,000 sign entries. The Swedish Sign Language Corpus is also an important resource, but it is of a very different kind than the dictionary. Compiled during the years 2009--2011, the corpus consists of video recorded conversations among 42 informants aged between 20 and 82, from three separate regions in Sweden. With 14 {\%} of the corpus having been annotated with glosses for signs, it comprises total of approximately 3,600 different signs occurring about 25,500 times (tokens) in the 42 annotated sign language discourses/video files. As these two resources sprang from different starting points, they are independent from each other; however, in the late phases of building the corpus the importance of combining work from the two became evident. This presentation will show the development of these two resources and the advantages of combining them.}
}

@inproceedings{mesch:08025:sign-lang:lrec,
  author    = {Mesch, Johanna and Wallin, Lars},
  title     = {Use of sign language materials in teaching},
  pages     = {134--137},
  editor    = {Crasborn, Onno and Efthimiou, Eleni and Hanke, Thomas and Thoutenhoofd, Ernst D. and Zwitserlood, Inge},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the {LREC2008} 3rd Workshop on the Representation and Processing of Sign Languages: Construction and Exploitation of Sign Language Corpora},
  maintitle = {6th International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC} 2008)},
  publisher = {{European Language Resources Association (ELRA)}},
  address   = {Marrakech, Morocco},
  day       = {1},
  month     = jun,
  year      = {2008},
  language  = {english},
  url       = {https://www.sign-lang.uni-hamburg.de/lrec/pub/08025.html},
  abstract  = {We are in the beginning phase of creating a Swedish Sign Language corpus. Some of the material is now used with students in two separate courses: Swedish Sign Language for beginners, and Swedish Sign Language linguistics (for deaf and hearing signers). In this workshop we will present some teaching methods and technical problems. Some examples are shown of how the students use the sign language corpus through the dictionary database, the corpus database and a learning platform for studying and analyzing sign language texts, like for example the small corpus in Bergman {\&} Mesch 2004 and also some old and new recordings. Students can practice sentences, analyze the entries and annotate the texts or their own recordings. Bergman's earlier transcription system for Swedish Sign Language (Bergman 1982) has been updated continuously, and partly adapted for possible use as a standard annotation system. Problems with storing sign language material are also discussed.
\par
References
\par
Bergman, Brita. {\&} Mesch, Johanna. 2004. ECHO data set for Swedish Sign Language (SSL). Department of Linguistics, University of Stockholm.
\par
Bergman, Brita. 1982. Teckenspr{\aa}kstranskription. Forskning om teckenspr{\aa}k X. Stockholms universitet, Institutionen f{\"o}r lingvistik.}
}

@inproceedings{crasborn:04005:sign-lang:lrec,
  author    = {Crasborn, Onno and van der Kooij, Els and Broeder, Daan and Brugman, Hennie},
  title     = {Sharing sign language corpora online: proposals for transcription and metadata categories},
  pages     = {20--23},
  editor    = {Streiter, Oliver and Vettori, Chiara},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the {LREC2004} Workshop on the Representation and Processing of Sign Languages: From {SignWriting} to Image Processing. Information techniques and their implications for teaching, documentation and communication},
  maintitle = {4th International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC} 2004)},
  publisher = {{European Language Resources Association (ELRA)}},
  address   = {Lisbon, Portugal},
  day       = {30},
  month     = may,
  year      = {2004},
  language  = {english},
  url       = {https://www.sign-lang.uni-hamburg.de/lrec/pub/04005.html},
  abstract  = {This paper presents the results of a European project called ECHO, which included an effort to publish sign language corpora online. The aim of the ECHO project was to explore the intricacies of sharing data using the internet in all areas of the humanities. For sign language, this involved adding a specific profile to the IMDI metadata set for characterizing spoken language corpora, and developing a set of transcription conventions that are useful for a broad audience of linguists. In addition to presenting these results, we outline some options for future technological developments, and bring forward some ethical problems relating to publishing video data on internet.}
}