@inproceedings{wittenburg-etal-2002-multimodal:lrec,
  author    = {Wittenburg, Peter and Levinson, Stephen and Kita, Sotaro and Brugman, Hennie},
  title     = {Multimodal Annotations in Gesture and Sign Language Studies},
  pages     = {176--182},
  editor    = {Rodr{\'i}guez, Manuel Gonz{\'a}lez and Araujo, Carmen Paz Suarez},
  booktitle = {3rd International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC} 2002)},
  publisher = {{European Language Resources Association (ELRA)}},
  address   = {Las Palmas, Canary Islands, Spain},
  day       = {27},
  month     = may,
  year      = {2002},
  language  = {english},
  url       = {https://aclanthology.org/L02-1223},
  abstract  = {For multimodal annotations an exhaustive encoding system for gestures was developed to facilitate research. The structural requirements of multimodal annotations were analyzed to develop an Abstract Corpus Model which is the basis for a powerful annotation and exploitation tool for multimedia recordings and the definition of the XML-based EUDICO Annotation Format. Finally, a metadata-based data management environment has been setup to facilitate resource discovery and especially corpus management. Bt means of an appropriate digitization policy and their online availability researchers have been able to build up a large corpus covering gesture and sign language data.}
}

@inproceedings{suzuki-kakihana-2002-japanese:lrec,
  author    = {Suzuki, Emiko and Kakihana, Kyoko},
  title     = {{J}apanese and {A}merican {S}ign {L}anguage Dictionary System for {J}apanese and {E}nglish Users},
  pages     = {677--680},
  editor    = {Rodr{\'i}guez, Manuel Gonz{\'a}lez and Araujo, Carmen Paz Suarez},
  booktitle = {3rd International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC} 2002)},
  publisher = {{European Language Resources Association (ELRA)}},
  address   = {Las Palmas, Canary Islands, Spain},
  day       = {27},
  month     = may,
  year      = {2002},
  language  = {english},
  url       = {https://aclanthology.org/L02-1332},
  abstract  = {We discuss the basic ideas behind a Japanese and American Sign Language Dictionary System for Japanese and English users. Our discussion covers two main points. The first describes the necessity of a bilingual dictionary. Since there is no ``universal sign language'' or real ``international sign language,'' if Deaf people should learn at least three languages: they want to talk to people whose mother tongue is different from their owns, the mother sign language, the mother spoken language as an intermediate language, and the sign language in which they want to communicate. The second describes the use of computer. As the use of computers becomes widespread, it is increasingly convenient to study through computer software or Internet facilities. Our dictionary system provides Deaf people with an easy means of access using their mother-spoken language. It also provides a way for people who are going to learn two sign languages to look up new vocabulary. We are further planning to examine how our system could be used to educate and assist Deaf people.}
}

@inproceedings{hanke-2002-ilex:lrec,
  author    = {Hanke, Thomas},
  title     = {i{L}ex - A Tool for Sign Language Lexicography and Corpus Analysis},
  pages     = {923--926},
  editor    = {Rodr{\'i}guez, Manuel Gonz{\'a}lez and Araujo, Carmen Paz Suarez},
  booktitle = {3rd International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC} 2002)},
  publisher = {{European Language Resources Association (ELRA)}},
  address   = {Las Palmas, Canary Islands, Spain},
  day       = {27},
  month     = may,
  year      = {2002},
  language  = {english},
  url       = {https://aclanthology.org/L02-1330},
  abstract  = {This paper describes a tool that combines features found in empirical sign language lexicography and in sign language discourse transcription. It supports the user in lexicon building while working on the transcription of a corpus. While it tries to reach a certain level of compatibility with upcoming multimedia annotation tools, it offers a number of unique features considered essential due to the specific nature of sign languages.}
}

@inproceedings{koizumi-etal-2002-annotated:lrec,
  author    = {Koizumi, Atsuko and Sagawa, Hirohiko and Takeuchi, Masaru},
  title     = {An Annotated {J}apanese {S}ign {L}anguage Corpus},
  pages     = {927--930},
  editor    = {Rodr{\'i}guez, Manuel Gonz{\'a}lez and Araujo, Carmen Paz Suarez},
  booktitle = {3rd International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC} 2002)},
  publisher = {{European Language Resources Association (ELRA)}},
  address   = {Las Palmas, Canary Islands, Spain},
  day       = {27},
  month     = may,
  year      = {2002},
  language  = {english},
  url       = {https://aclanthology.org/L02-1318},
  abstract  = {Sign language is characterized by its interactivity and multimodality, which cause difficulties in data collection and annotation. To address these difficulties, we have developed a video-based Japanese sign language (JSL) corpus and a corpus tool for annotation and linguistic analysis. As the first step of linguistic annotation, we transcribed manual signs expressing lexical information as well as non-manual signs (NMSs) - including head movements, facial actions, and posture - that are used to express grammatical information. Our purpose is to extract grammatical rules from this corpus for the sign-language translation system underdevelopment. From this viewpoint, we will discuss methods for collecting elicited data, annotation required for grammatical analysis, as well as corpus tool required for annotation and grammatical analysis. As the result of annotating 2800 utterances, we confirmed that there are at least 50 kinds of NMSs in JSL, using head (seven kinds), jaw (six kinds), mouth (18 kinds), cheeks (one kind), eyebrows (four kinds), eyes (seven kinds), eye gaze (two kinds), bydy posture (five kinds). We use this corpus for designing and testing an algorithm and gram- matical rules for the sign-language translation system underdevelopment.}
}