@inproceedings{dreuw:10001:sign-lang:lrec,
  author    = {Dreuw, Philippe and Forster, Jens and Gweth, Yannick and Stein, Daniel and Ney, Hermann and Mart{\'i}nez Ruiz, Gregorio and Verges Llahi, Jaume and Crasborn, Onno and Ormel, Ellen and Du, Wei and Hoyoux, Thomas and Piater, Justus and Moya Lazaro, Jos{\'e} Miguel and Wheatley, Mark},
  title     = {{SignSpeak} - Understanding, Recognition, and Translation of Sign Languages},
  pages     = {65--72},
  editor    = {Dreuw, Philippe and Efthimiou, Eleni and Hanke, Thomas and Johnston, Trevor and Mart{\'i}nez Ruiz, Gregorio and Schembri, Adam},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the {LREC2010} 4th Workshop on the Representation and Processing of Sign Languages: Corpora and Sign Language Technologies},
  maintitle = {7th International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC} 2010)},
  publisher = {{European Language Resources Association (ELRA)}},
  address   = {Valletta, Malta},
  day       = {22--23},
  month     = may,
  year      = {2010},
  language  = {english},
  url       = {https://www.sign-lang.uni-hamburg.de/lrec/pub/10001.html},
  abstract  = {The SignSpeak project will be the first step to approach sign language recognition and translation at a scientific level already reached in similar research fields such as automatic speech recognition or statistical machine translation of spoken languages. Deaf communities revolve around sign languages as they are their natural means of communication. Although deaf, hard of hearing and hearing signers can communicate without problems amongst themselves, there is a serious challenge for the deaf community in trying to integrate into educational, social and work environments. The overall goal of SignSpeak is to develop a new vision-based technology for recognizing and translating continuous sign language to text. New knowledge about the nature of sign language structure from the perspective of machine recognition of continuous sign language will allow a subsequent breakthrough in the development of a new vision-based technology for continuous sign language recognition and translation. Existing and new publicly available corpora will be used to evaluate the research progress throughout the whole project.}
}

@inproceedings{forster:10038:sign-lang:lrec,
  author    = {Forster, Jens and Stein, Daniel and Ormel, Ellen and Crasborn, Onno and Ney, Hermann},
  title     = {Best Practice for Sign Language Data Collections Regarding the Needs of Data-Driven Recognition and Translation},
  pages     = {92--97},
  editor    = {Dreuw, Philippe and Efthimiou, Eleni and Hanke, Thomas and Johnston, Trevor and Mart{\'i}nez Ruiz, Gregorio and Schembri, Adam},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the {LREC2010} 4th Workshop on the Representation and Processing of Sign Languages: Corpora and Sign Language Technologies},
  maintitle = {7th International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC} 2010)},
  publisher = {{European Language Resources Association (ELRA)}},
  address   = {Valletta, Malta},
  day       = {22--23},
  month     = may,
  year      = {2010},
  language  = {english},
  url       = {https://www.sign-lang.uni-hamburg.de/lrec/pub/10038.html},
  abstract  = {We propose best practices for gloss annotation of sign languages taking into account the needs of data-driven approaches to recognition and translation of natural languages. Furthermore, we provide reference numbers for several technical aspects for the creation of new sign language data collections. Most available sign language data collections are of limited use to data-driven approaches, because they focus on rare sign language phenomena, or lack machine readable annotation schemes. Using a natural language processing point of view, we briefly discuss several sign language data collection, propose best practices for gloss annotation stemming from experience gained using two large scale sign language data collections, and derive reference numbers for several technical aspects from standard benchmark data collections for speech recognition and translation.}
}

@inproceedings{ormel:10036:sign-lang:lrec,
  author    = {Ormel, Ellen and Crasborn, Onno and van der Kooij, Els and van Dijken, Lianne and Nauta, Ellen Yassine and Forster, Jens and Stein, Daniel},
  title     = {Glossing a multi-purpose sign language corpus},
  pages     = {186--191},
  editor    = {Dreuw, Philippe and Efthimiou, Eleni and Hanke, Thomas and Johnston, Trevor and Mart{\'i}nez Ruiz, Gregorio and Schembri, Adam},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the {LREC2010} 4th Workshop on the Representation and Processing of Sign Languages: Corpora and Sign Language Technologies},
  maintitle = {7th International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC} 2010)},
  publisher = {{European Language Resources Association (ELRA)}},
  address   = {Valletta, Malta},
  day       = {22--23},
  month     = may,
  year      = {2010},
  language  = {english},
  url       = {https://www.sign-lang.uni-hamburg.de/lrec/pub/10036.html},
  abstract  = {This paper describes the strategies that have been developed for creating consistent gloss annotations in the latest update to the Corpus NGT. Although the project aims to embrace the plea for ID-glosses in Johnston (2008), there is no reference lexicon that could be used in the creation of the annotations. An idiosyncratic strategy was developed that involved the creation of a temporary `glossing lexicon', which includes conventions for distinguishing regional and other variants, true and apparent homonymy, and other difficulties that are specifically related to the glossing of two-handed simultaneous constructions on different tiers.}
}

@inproceedings{stein:10014:sign-lang:lrec,
  author    = {Stein, Daniel and Forster, Jens and Zelle, Uwe and Dreuw, Philippe and Ney, Hermann},
  title     = {{RWTH-Phoenix}: Analysis of the {German} {Sign} {Language} Weather Forecast Corpus},
  pages     = {225--230},
  editor    = {Dreuw, Philippe and Efthimiou, Eleni and Hanke, Thomas and Johnston, Trevor and Mart{\'i}nez Ruiz, Gregorio and Schembri, Adam},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the {LREC2010} 4th Workshop on the Representation and Processing of Sign Languages: Corpora and Sign Language Technologies},
  maintitle = {7th International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC} 2010)},
  publisher = {{European Language Resources Association (ELRA)}},
  address   = {Valletta, Malta},
  day       = {22--23},
  month     = may,
  year      = {2010},
  language  = {english},
  url       = {https://www.sign-lang.uni-hamburg.de/lrec/pub/10014.html},
  abstract  = {In this work, the recent additions to the RWTH-Phoenix corpus, a data collection of interpreted news announcement, are analysed. The corpus features videos, gloss annotation of German Sign Language and transcriptions of spoken German. The annotation procedure is reported, and the corpus statistics are discussed. We present automatic machine translation results for both directions, and discuss syntactically motivated enhancements.}
}

@inproceedings{bungeroth-etal-2008-atis:lrec,
  author    = {Bungeroth, Jan and Stein, Daniel and Dreuw, Philippe and Ney, Hermann and Morrissey, Sara and Way, Andy and van Zijl, Lynette},
  title     = {The {ATIS} Sign Language Corpus},
  pages     = {2943--2946},
  editor    = {Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios and Tapias, Daniel},
  booktitle = {6th International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC} 2008)},
  publisher = {{European Language Resources Association (ELRA)}},
  address   = {Marrakech, Morocco},
  day       = {26},
  month     = may,
  year      = {2008},
  isbn      = {978-2-9517408-4-6},
  language  = {english},
  url       = {https://aclanthology.org/L08-1470},
  abstract  = {Systems that automatically process sign language rely on appropriate data. We therefore present the ATIS sign language corpus that is based on the domain of air travel information. It is available for five languages, English, German, Irish sign language, German sign language and South African sign language. The corpus can be used for different tasks like automatic statistical translation and automatic sign language recognition and it allows the specific modeling of spatial references in signing space.}
}

@inproceedings{bungeroth-etal-2006-german:lrec,
  author    = {Bungeroth, Jan and Stein, Daniel and Dreuw, Philippe and Zahedi, Morteza and Ney, Hermann},
  title     = {A {G}erman {S}ign {L}anguage Corpus of the Domain Weather Report},
  pages     = {2000--2003},
  editor    = {Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Gangemi, Aldo and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Odijk, Jan and Tapias, Daniel},
  booktitle = {5th International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC} 2006)},
  publisher = {{European Language Resources Association (ELRA)}},
  address   = {Genoa, Italy},
  day       = {22--28},
  month     = may,
  year      = {2006},
  isbn      = {978-2-9517408-2-2},
  language  = {english},
  url       = {https://aclanthology.org/L06-1418},
  abstract  = {All systems for automatic sign language translation and recognition, in particular statistical systems, rely on adequately sized corpora. For this purpose, we created the Phoenix corpus that is based on German television weather reports translated into German Sign Language. It comes with a rich annotation of the video data, a bilingual text-based sentence corpus and a monolingual German corpus. All systems for automatic sign language translation and recognition, in particular statistical systems, rely on adequately sized corpora. For this purpose, we created the Phoenix corpus that is based on German television weather reports translated into German Sign Language. It comes with a rich annotation of the video data, a bilingual text-based sentence corpus and a monolingual German corpus.}
}